An atom consists of a nucleus containing positively charged protons and neutral neutrons, surrounded by negatively charged electrons that orbit in energy levels
Protons and neutrons have the same mass.
True
What is the approximate mass of a proton in atomic mass units?
1 amu
Which subatomic particle is located outside the nucleus of an atom?
Electron
What is the charge of an electron?
-1
Electrons have a much smaller mass than protons or neutrons.
True
Which subatomic particle orbits the nucleus in energy levels?
Electron
Where are protons and neutrons located within an atom?
In the nucleus
What is the charge of a neutron?
Neutral (0)
The atomic number of an atom is the number of protons
The mass number is the total number of protons and electrons in the nucleus.
False
The symbol for atomic number is Z
Steps to determine the number of subatomic particles in an atom
1️⃣ Identify the atomic number
2️⃣ Identify the mass number
3️⃣ Determine the number of protons
4️⃣ Calculate the number of neutrons
5️⃣ Confirm the number of electrons (for a neutral atom)
The formula to calculate the number of neutrons is A - Z
What is the smallest unit of matter that retains the chemical properties of an element?
An atom
A proton has a mass of 1 amu
Match the subatomic particle with its properties:
Proton ↔️ Positive charge, 1 amu
Neutron ↔️ Neutral charge, 1 amu
Electron ↔️ Negative charge, 1/1836 amu
The number of neutrons is calculated by subtracting the atomic number from the mass number.
How many protons are in an atom with an atomic number of 6?
6
In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons.
True
What is the difference between isotopes of the same element?
Number of neutrons
Isotopes of the same element have different chemical properties.
False
Relative atomic mass is calculated by comparing an element's isotopes to 1/12 of the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
What is the formula for calculating relative atomic mass (Ar)?
Ar = \frac{\sum{(\text{Isotope Mass} \times \text{Isotopic Abundance})}}{\sum{\text{Isotopic Abundance}}}</latex>
What is the charge and location of a proton in an atom?
Positive, nucleus
Where are electrons located in an atom?
Orbiting the nucleus
Which subatomic particle has a neutral charge?
Neutron
Atomic number is the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
Carbon-12 has an atomic number of 6 and a mass number of 12.
True
The atomic number is equal to the number of protons
Match the property with its value for Carbon-12:
Atomic number ↔️ 6
Mass number ↔️ 12
In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons
Isotopes of an element have the same chemical properties due to the same number of protons
What are three applications of isotopes mentioned in the text?
Medical imaging, carbon dating, nuclear power
What is the relative atomic mass of chlorine if it has two isotopes: chlorine-35 (75.77%) and chlorine-37 (24.23%)?
35.45 amu
Relative atomic mass is the average mass of an element's isotopes
What does electron configuration describe?
Arrangement of electrons
Oxygen (atomic number 8) has the electron configuration 1s² 2s² 2p⁴.
True
What is one strength of the Bohr model of the atom?
Explains line spectra of hydrogen
What is the smallest unit of matter that retains the chemical properties of an element called?