1.4 The development of sociological theories

• Sociological theories are structured frameworks to interpret observations and make predictions about social behavior
• What type of evidence do sociological theories rely on?

  Empirical evidence
• Auguste Comte is considered the "father of sociology".

  True
• Functionalism views social institutions as contributing to social stability
• What is the focus of symbolic interactionism?

  Symbolic meaning
• Conflict theory posits that social order is maintained through consensus and shared values.

  False
• Functionalism focuses on society as an integrated system with interdependent parts
• What drives social change according to conflict theory?

  Struggle and transformation
• Sociological theories are frameworks used to explain and understand various aspects of society and social behavior
• What type of evidence do sociological theories rely on?

  Empirical evidence
• Emile Durkheim developed theories on social facts and social solidarity.


  True
• Karl Marx focused on economic forces and class conflict
• Which theoretical perspective views social institutions as contributors to social stability?

  Functionalism
• Symbolic interactionism emphasizes that people's actions are based on the meanings they assign to things
• Postmodernism emphasizes concepts such as fragmentation, skepticism, and the social construction of reality
• What does postmodernism reject regarding narratives?

  Grand and universal ones
• What are the key emphases of postmodernism?

  Fragmentation, relativism, skepticism
• Postmodernism emphasizes the decentralization of authority
• Postmodernism rejects the concept of universal truth.


  True
• Arrange the following sociologists in chronological order based on their contributions:

  1️⃣ Auguste Comte

  2️⃣ Emile Durkheim

  3️⃣ Karl Marx

  4️⃣ Max Weber

  5️⃣ Talcott Parsons
• What are some key concepts developed by Emile Durkheim?

  Social facts, social solidarity
• What are the three main theoretical perspectives in sociology?

  Functionalism, conflict theory, symbolic interactionism
• What is the central focus of conflict theory?

  Class conflict and inequality
• Postmodernism emphasizes the social construction of reality
• What are sociological theories used for?

  To explain social behavior
• Sociological theories are based on personal experiences and intuition.

  False
• Functionalism posits that society functions as an integrated whole
• Match the sociologist with their key contribution:

  Auguste Comte ↔️ Positivism

  Emile Durkheim ↔️ Social facts

  Max Weber ↔️ Bureaucracy

  Karl Marx ↔️ Historical materialism

  Talcott Parsons ↔️ Structural-functional theory
• What is the term for Auguste Comte's idea that sociology should be a distinct academic discipline?

  Positivism
• Conflict theory argues that society is based on consensus and cooperation.

  False
• Functionalism emphasizes that society functions as an integrated whole
• What do symbolic interactionists believe is the basis of social reality?

  Symbolic interactions
• Conflict theory argues that social order is maintained through power and dominance.


  True
• Match the theoretical perspective with its focus:

  Functionalism ↔️ Integrated system

  Conflict Theory ↔️ Competition and conflict

  Symbolic Interactionism ↔️ Individual meaning-making
• Sociological theories are based on personal experiences and intuition.

  False
• Auguste Comte is considered the "father of sociology
• What concept did Max Weber emphasize in his theories?

  Subjective meaning
• Order the theoretical perspectives from macro to micro level:

  1️⃣ Functionalism

  2️⃣ Conflict Theory

  3️⃣ Symbolic Interactionism
• Match the theoretical perspective with its key idea:

  Functionalism ↔️ Integrated system

  Conflict Theory ↔️ Competition and conflict
• Postmodernism believes in objective truth and grand narratives.

  False