ENTREP

• a threatened penalty for disobeying a law or rule is a sanction
• The learner describes characteristics, processes, and ethics of research, differentiates quantitative from qualitative research, and mixed-method research, and describes characteristics, strengths, weaknesses of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-method research.
• Observation in research begins with a question.
• Research is defined as the creation of new knowledge and/or the use of existing knowledge in a new and creative way so as to generate new concepts, methodologies and understanding.
• Research steps are non-linear, requiring researchers to go back to earlier stages to ensure that ideas are aligned with one another.
• Research is based on verifiable evidences such as observation or experiences.
• Research follows systematic procedures.
• Research can be repeated by other researches.
• Research aims to solve or address a particular problem.
• Research requires accurate recording of data through observations, interviews, and experiments.
• Research allows researchers to make accurate and reliable conclusions, generalize their findings, and support more complex analyses.
• Research involves interpreting data and drawing conclusions from the gathered data.
• Refrain from inflicting harm on human participants.
• Avoid choosing participants based on convenience alone.
• Refrain from forcing anyone to participate in your research.
• Animals can only be harmed if there are legitimate scientific benefits from doing so.
• When it comes to personal information, collect only those that are relevant to the study.
• Avoid self-plagiarism.
• Avoid ghostwriting.
• Kurt uses as many references as possible as he completes his paper.
• When writing the discussion, Simon realizes that he lacks additional references and reviews and further polishes his literature review.
• Ensure confidentiality of collected data.
• Ezra’s methodology is very detailed and inspires other researchers to conduct the same study.
• Research starts with a problem and ends with a problem.
• Inform and ask permission from the people who will be the subject of your research.
• Practical research involves selecting and narrowing down the topic, conducting preliminary research, formulating thesis and research questions, developing a preliminary outline, gathering additional references, and writing the introduction and literature review.
• Research ethics refer to the moral principles and code of conduct that define what good and acceptable research practice is.
• Avoid fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism.
• The research process involves sequence the following statements based on how research should be done: developing a questionnaire as a tool for data collection, drafting thesis statement and research questions, drafting the summary, conclusions, and recommendations of the study, polishing the whole paper for submission, preparing a tentative outline for the paper, and publishing the study in a school journal.
• Dan’s research is based on his observation that most students use Facebook merely for entertainment and not for educational purposes.
• Disclose any potential conflict of interest.
• The research process is an endless cycle that does not stop when the results are published and shared to the rest of the community.
• Be objective in your research.
• Joanne refrains from adding any personal comments during the reporting and interpretation of data.
• Answer the following: If a participant in your study reveals sensitive information that can be harmful if shared, how would you ensure the confidentiality of this information?
• Research Approaches are a means for exploring and understanding the meaning individual or groups ascribe to a social or human problem.
• Mixed Method Research is a means for testing objective theories by examining the relationship among variables.
• Strengths of Qualitative Research include providing more in-depth qualitative information regarding a particular number of cases, being more flexible in terms of study design, allowing the participants to respond to questions on their own, and providing information that can supplement quantitative data for a more reliable interpretation of findings.
• Weaknesses of Qualitative Research include data gathering being often time consuming, analysis of data taking longer than quantitative analysis, interpretation of results being usually biased because it is influenced by the researcher’s perspective, and it may be difficult to replicate.
• Weaknesses of Quantitative Research include not being able to adequately provide in-depth information necessary for describing and explaining a complex phenomenon, responses of participants being strictly limited to what has been asked, and self-reported data may not be very accurate.