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Unit 6: Integration and Accumulation of Change
6.6 Integration by Substitution
Applying the substitution method:
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Cards (42)
Substitute
u
u
u
and du</latex> into the integral
The substitution method requires choosing a
u
u
u
whose derivative is also present in the integral.
True
To calculate
d
u
du
d
u
, you must take the derivative of
u
u
u
with respect to
d
x
dx
d
x
.
True
Match the function type with its
u
u
u
and
d
u
du
d
u
:
Power Functions ↔️
u
=
u =
u
=
x
2
x^{2}
x
2
,
d
u
=
du =
d
u
=
2
x
d
x
2x \, dx
2
x
d
x
Trigonometric Functions ↔️
u
=
u =
u
=
2
x
+
2x +
2
x
+
3
3
3
,
d
u
=
du =
d
u
=
2
d
x
2 \, dx
2
d
x
Logarithmic Functions ↔️
u
=
u =
u
=
ln
x
\ln x
ln
x
,
d
u
=
du =
d
u
=
1
x
d
x
\frac{1}{x} \, dx
x
1
d
x
Exponential Functions ↔️
u
=
u =
u
=
5
x
−
2
5x - 2
5
x
−
2
,
d
u
=
du =
d
u
=
5
d
x
5 \, dx
5
d
x
When calculating
d
u
du
d
u
, you must take the derivative
Steps to perform substitution in an integral
1️⃣ Identify
u
u
u
and
d
u
du
d
u
2️⃣ Substitute
u
u
u
and
d
u
du
d
u
into the integral
3️⃣ Simplify the new integral
For exponential functions, the exponent is typically chosen as
u
u
u
.
True
After calculating
d
u
du
d
u
, both
u
u
u
and
d
u
du
d
u
are substituted into the original integral.
True
What is the next step after identifying the appropriate
u
u
u
variable and calculating
d
u
du
d
u
?
Substitute u and du
Substituting
u
u
u
and
d
u
du
d
u
into the original integral simplifies it for evaluation.
True
Replace the original differential (e.g.
d
x
dx
d
x
) with the du
For the integral \int 2x e^{x^{2}} \, dx</latex>, the correct substitutions are
u
=
u =
u
=
x
2
x^{2}
x
2
and
d
u
=
du =
d
u
=
2
x
d
x
2x \, dx
2
x
d
x
.
True
After substituting
u
u
u
and du</latex>, the resulting integral is typically simpler and can be solved using basic integration formulas
After solving the new integral in terms of
u
u
u
, you must substitute back the original variable
x
x
x
for
u
u
u
to express the result in terms of
x
x
x
.
True
In the substitution method, identifying the
u
u
u
involves selecting a part of the integrand such that its derivative is also present in the integral.
For the integral
\int x\sqrt{x^{2} +
1} \, dx
, the correct choice for
u
u
u
is
x
2
+
x^{2} +
x
2
+
1
1
1
.
True
What is the next step after identifying the appropriate
u
u
u
variable in the substitution method?
Calculate
d
u
du
d
u
What is the next step after calculating
d
u
du
d
u
in the substitution method?
Substitute
u
u
u
and
d
u
du
d
u
What must be done after solving the new integral in terms of
u
u
u
?
Substitute back
x
x
x
What is the purpose of changing the limits of integration when evaluating a definite integral using substitution?
Match the variable
u
u
u
What is the first step in the substitution method for integration?
Identify the
u
u
u
Steps of the substitution method for definite integrals
1️⃣ Solve the new integral in terms of
u
u
u
2️⃣ Substitute back
x
x
x
for
u
u
u
3️⃣ Evaluate the definite integral
Match the substitution strategy with its example:
Power Functions ↔️
\int x\sqrt{x^{2} +
1} \, dx
,
u
=
u =
u
=
x
2
+
x^{2} +
x
2
+
1
1
1
Trigonometric Functions ↔️
∫
cos
(
2
x
+
3
)
d
x
\int \cos(2x + 3) \, dx
∫
cos
(
2
x
+
3
)
d
x
,
u
=
u =
u
=
2
x
+
2x +
2
x
+
3
3
3
Logarithmic Functions ↔️
∫
ln
x
x
d
x
\int \frac{\ln x}{x} \, dx
∫
x
l
n
x
d
x
,
u
=
u =
u
=
ln
x
\ln x
ln
x
Exponential Functions ↔️
∫
e
5
x
−
2
d
x
\int e^{5x - 2} \, dx
∫
e
5
x
−
2
d
x
,
u
=
u =
u
=
5
x
−
2
5x - 2
5
x
−
2
For the integral
∫
2
x
e
x
2
d
x
\int 2x e^{x^{2}} \, dx
∫
2
x
e
x
2
d
x
, choose u = x^{2}</latex>, then
d
u
=
du =
d
u
=
2
x
d
x
2x \, dx
2
x
d
x
, and the integral simplifies to
∫
e
u
d
u
\int e^{u} \, du
∫
e
u
d
u
, which has the solution e^{u}
If
u
=
u =
u
=
x
2
x^{2}
x
2
, then du = 2x \, dx</latex>, which is expressed in terms of the original differential dx
The key to expressing
d
u
du
d
u
is in terms of
d
x
dx
d
x
to simplify the integral.
True
After calculating
d
u
du
d
u
, you must substitute both
u
u
u
and
d
u
du
d
u
into the original integral
The correct choice of
u
u
u
is essential for simplifying integrals in the substitution method.
True
The first step in substituting
u
u
u
and
d
u
du
d
u
is to identify the expressions from the previous steps</latex>
After identifying the appropriate
u
variable and calculating
du
, the next step is to
substitute
both
u
and
du
What should you replace occurrences of the original variable (e.g.
x
x
x
) with when substituting
u
u
u
?
u expression
What is the final step after substituting
u
u
u
and
d
u
du
d
u
into the integral?
Simplify the new integral
Steps for substituting
u
u
u
and
d
u
du
d
u
in the integral
∫
2
x
e
x
2
d
x
\int 2x e^{x^{2}} \, dx
∫
2
x
e
x
2
d
x
1️⃣ Replace
x
2
x^{2}
x
2
with
u
u
u
:
∫
2
x
e
u
d
x
\int 2x e^{u} \, dx
∫
2
x
e
u
d
x
2️⃣ Replace
d
x
dx
d
x
with
(
d
u
/
2
x
)
(du / 2x)
(
d
u
/2
x
)
:
∫
e
u
(
d
u
/
2
x
)
\int e^{u} \, (du / 2x)
∫
e
u
(
d
u
/2
x
)
3️⃣ Simplify:
∫
e
u
d
u
\int e^{u} \, du
∫
e
u
d
u
What is the simplified integral of
∫
e
u
d
u
\int e^{u} \, du
∫
e
u
d
u
?
e
u
+
e^{u} +
e
u
+
C
C
C
What is the final result of the integral
∫
2
x
e
x
2
d
x
\int 2x e^{x^{2}} \, dx
∫
2
x
e
x
2
d
x
after substituting back
x
x
x
?
e
x
2
+
e^{x^{2}} +
e
x
2
+
C
C
C
Match the substitution strategy with its guideline:
Composite Functions ↔️ Choose the inner function as
u
u
u
Exponents ↔️ Choose the exponent as
u
u
u
What does calculating
d
u
du
d
u
involve?
Taking the derivative of u</latex>
If
u
=
u =
u
=
x
2
x^{2}
x
2
, then du = 2x \, dx
The key is to express
d
u
du
d
u
in terms of the original differential dx
After substituting
u
u
u
and
d
u
du
d
u
, the resulting integral is typically simpler and can be solved using basic integration formulas.
True
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