10.5 Gravitational and Electromagnetic Forces

• Gravitational and electromagnetic forces are identical in their properties.

  False
• The gravitational constant $G$ has a value of $6.674 \times 10^{ - 11}$
• Any object with mass creates a gravitational field
• Gravitational fields are created by masses, similar to electric fields created by charges
• The Coulomb constant $k$ is approximately 8.99 × 10⁹
• The gravitational constant G is approximately 6.674 × 10⁻¹¹ Nm²/kg².

  True
• What is the formula for the gravitational force between two objects according to Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation?

  $F =$$G \frac{m_{1} m_{2}}{r^{2}}$
• The gravitational force is directly proportional to the product of their masses
• The strength of the gravitational field decreases with increasing distance
• The Coulomb constant $k$ has a value of 8.99 \times 10^{9} $Nm^{2} / C^{2}$
• The electric force is measured in Newtons.


  True
• What is the nature of the gravitational force?

  Attractive
• Gravitons mediate the gravitational force, while photons mediate the electromagnetic force.


  True
• What type of force is the gravitational force?

  Attractive
• Match the type of force with its dependence:

  Gravitational ↔️ Mass

  Electromagnetic ↔️ Charge
• The strength of the gravitational field increases as the distance from the source decreases.

  True
• The gravitational force is always attractive.


  True
• What is the electric force?

  The force between charges
• What is the key difference between gravitational and electric forces?

  Charge vs. mass
• What does Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation state about the gravitational force between two objects?

  Every object attracts every other object
• The gravitational constant $G$ has a value of 6.674 \times 10^{ - 11} $Nm^{2} / kg^{2}$
• The gravitational force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between two objects.


  True
• The gravitational force is always attractive, while the electric force can be attractive or repulsive.

  True
• The electric force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between two charges.


  True
• The electric field strength is defined as the force per unit charge
• The range of both gravitational and electromagnetic forces is infinite
• The strength of the gravitational field decreases as the distance from the source increases.
• Steps in Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation

  1️⃣ Every object attracts every other object with a force.

  2️⃣ This force is directly proportional to the product of their masses.

  3️⃣ The force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.
• What is a gravitational field?

  A region around a mass
• What happens to the strength of the gravitational field as distance from the source increases?

  It decreases
• The electric force can be attractive or repulsive.


  True
• The gravitational force between two masses is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance
• In Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation, the gravitational constant is denoted by the letter G
• Every object in the universe attracts every other object with a gravitational force.


  True
• What is the gravitational field defined as?

  Region around a mass
• What is the formula for the electric force between two point charges according to Coulomb's Law?

  $F =$$k \frac{q_{1} q_{2}}{r^{2}}$
• What does Coulomb's Law state about the electric force between two point charges?

  Proportional to charges, inversely proportional to distance squared
• The formula for electric field strength is E = \frac{F}{q}</latex>.


  True
• Which of the four fundamental forces is the weakest?

  Gravitational