15.2 Atomic Models

• Atomic models are crucial in understanding atomic phenomena such as atomic spectra, radioactivity, and chemical bonding
• The quantum mechanical model describes electrons as probability distributions rather than discrete particles.


  True
• The Rutherford model suggested that electrons can move freely within the atom.

  False
• What did the Rutherford model propose about the atom's structure?

  Small, dense, positively charged nucleus
• The Rutherford model suggested that electrons orbit the nucleus at fixed distances.

  True
• What was the structure of the atom according to Thomson's Plum Pudding Model?

  Positively charged "pudding"
• The Rutherford model proposed that atoms have a positively charged nucleus with orbiting electrons.
• The Rutherford Model states that atoms consist of a small, dense, positively charged nucleus
• The Rutherford Model paved the way for the development of the Bohr Model of the atom.
• Bohr's model successfully explained the hydrogen spectrum but had limitations for multi-electron atoms
• Arrange the atomic models in chronological order of their development:

  1️⃣ Thomson's Plum Pudding Model

  2️⃣ Rutherford Model

  3️⃣ Bohr Model

  4️⃣ Quantum Mechanical Model
• The Thomson's Plum Pudding Model was disproven by the Rutherford Model.


  True
• The Rutherford Model of the atom was proposed in 1911
• In Bohr's model, electrons orbit the nucleus in discrete energy levels called shells
• The wave-particle duality of electrons is a key concept in the quantum mechanical model.
• The Rutherford model proposed that electrons orbit a positively charged nucleus.

  True
• Which early atomic model proposed a positively charged nucleus with orbiting electrons?

  Rutherford model
• Who proposed the Plum Pudding Model of the atom?

  J.J. Thomson
• The Bohr model introduced the concept of discrete energy levels for electrons
• The Bohr model explained the observed atomic spectra
• In Thomson's model, electrons were randomly embedded within the positive "pudding".
• The Rutherford model suggested that most of the atom's mass is concentrated in the nucleus.

  True
• The majority of an atom's mass is concentrated in the nucleus according to the Rutherford Model.


  True
• Bohr's model proposed that electrons orbit the nucleus in discrete energy levels or shells.

  True
• What is the purpose of atomic models?

  Understanding atomic phenomena
• Who proposed the Thomson's Plum Pudding Model in 1904?

  J.J. Thomson
• What experiment supported the Rutherford model of the atom?

  Gold foil experiment
• Match the feature of the Rutherford Model with its description:

  Atomic Structure ↔️ Positively charged nucleus with orbiting electrons

  Electron Arrangement ↔️ Electrons orbit at discrete distances

  Charge Neutrality ↔️ Positive charge equals negative charge
• Bohr's model could not explain the atomic spectra of multi-electron atoms.


  True
• The quantum mechanical model is essential for understanding chemical bonding.


  True
• The concept of quantization in atomic models refers to the idea that electrons can only occupy certain discrete energy levels.
• Match each atomic model with its description:

  Rutherford Model ↔️ Small, dense nucleus with orbiting electrons

  Bohr Model ↔️ Introduced discrete energy levels

  Quantum Mechanical Model ↔️ Describes electrons as probability distributions
• The Bohr model could explain the atomic spectra of all elements

  False
• The Bohr model introduced the concept of quantized electron energy levels


  True
• Match the atomic model with its electron path description:

  Bohr Model ↔️ Fixed orbits

  Quantum Mechanical Model ↔️ Probability distributions
• What concept did the Bohr model introduce that the Rutherford model did not address?

  Quantization
• What is the primary difference between the Bohr Model and the Quantum Mechanical Model in explaining atomic spectra?

  Probability vs. fixed orbits
• The Rutherford model proposed that atoms have a small, dense, positively charged nucleus
• The Rutherford model was supported by the alpha particle scattering in the gold foil
• The quantum mechanical model describes electrons as probability