10.6 Electric Charges and Fields

• What is the fundamental property of matter that causes objects to attract or repel each other?

  Electric charge
• The total amount of electric charge in the universe is conserved.

  True
• An electric field is a region of space around a charged object where other charged objects experience a force
• If a test charge of 2 Coulombs experiences a force of 10 Newtons in an electric field, the field strength is 5 N/C.
• An electric field is visualized using lines
• For a positive charge, the electric field direction is radially outward
• The density of electric field lines indicates the strength of the electric field.

  True
• If a 2 C test charge experiences a 10 N force, the electric field strength is 5 N/C.

  True
• Electric field lines for a positive charge at the center of a circle point outward.


  True
• Electric field lines are a visual representation of electric fields showing direction and strength.
• Match the type of electric charge with its properties:

  Positive charge ↔️ Repels positive charges, carried by protons

  Negative charge ↔️ Repels negative charges, carried by electrons
• Protons carry a positive charge, while electrons carry a negative charge.
• Electric field lines start at positive charges and end at negative charges.
• What do electric charges create?

  Electric fields
• Match the property of electric field lines with its description:

  Start and End ↔️ Start at positive charges, end at negative charges

  Density ↔️ Represents the strength of the electric field

  Intersection ↔️ Never cross each other
• Electric field lines start at positive charges and end at negative charges.

  True
• Electric field lines around a positive charge radiate outward.


  True
• Gauss's Law relates electric flux to enclosed charge and permittivity of free space.


  True
• Electric flux is measured in units of Nm²/C.
• Gauss's Law can be used to calculate the electric field strength for symmetric charge distributions.


  True
• The area of the closed surface in Gauss's Law is denoted by A
• The electric flux $Φ_{E}$ through a closed surface is calculated as $∫E⋅dA$
• The electric field strength $E$ in Gauss's Law can be calculated as $E =$$Q_{enc} / (ε_{0}A)$
• What is an electric field defined as?

  A region around a charged object
• Match the electric charge with the direction of its electric field:

  Positive Charge ↔️ Radially outward

  Negative Charge ↔️ Radially inward
• What do electric field lines never do?

  Cross each other
• What is the formula for electric field strength (E)?

  E = F/q
• Match the term with its definition:

  Electric Flux (ΦE) ↔️ Measure of electric field flow through a surface

  Enclosed Charge (Qenc) ↔️ Total electric charge inside a closed surface

  Permittivity of Free Space (ε₀) ↔️ Constant for electric permeability of vacuum
• For a uniformly charged sphere, the closed Gaussian surface at a distance r > R has an area of 4πr²


  True
• Match the type of charge with its properties:

  Positive charge ↔️ Repels other positive charges

  Negative charge ↔️ Attracts positive charges
• Electric field lines start from positive charges and end on negative charges.


  True
• Which particle carries a positive charge?

  Proton
• Electric field lines can cross each other.

  False
• What is the direction of the electric field lines for a negative charge?

  Radially inward
• Electric field lines never cross each other.
• An electric field is a region around an electrically charged object where other charged objects experience a force.
• What is the formula for electric field strength?

  E = F/q</latex>
• The density of electric field lines represents the strength of the electric field.


  True
• When a balloon is rubbed on hair, electrons transfer to the balloon, giving it a negative charge.


  True
• When a balloon is negatively charged, it attracts positively charged hair.


  True