10.2 Charge Distribution: Friction, Conduction, and Induction

• There are three primary methods of charge distribution: friction, conduction, and induction.


  True
• Friction requires rubbing two objects together to transfer electrons
• Induction requires bringing a charged object near, but not touching, an uncharged object to cause polarization
• In conduction, electrons flow until the charge is equalized
• Match the material type with its electron movement and example materials:

  Conductors ↔️ Free electron movement, metals

  Insulators ↔️ Limited electron movement, rubber
• Induction requires grounding to complete the charging process.


  True
• Induction does not require direct contact
• What is the triboelectric effect in friction?

  Electron transfer
• What net charge does induction leave on an object after grounding?

  Opposite
• When glass is rubbed with silk, the glass becomes positively charged and the silk becomes negatively charged.electron
• What type of material allows free electron movement?

  Conductors
• What is the primary mechanism in electrostatic induction?

  Polarization
• Steps of charging by induction

  1️⃣ Bring a charged object near an uncharged object

  2️⃣ Polarization occurs

  3️⃣ Ground the uncharged object

  4️⃣ One type of charge flows away

  5️⃣ Net opposite charge remains
• Conduction can cause a small shock when excess charge is transferred to an uncharged object.


  True
• What does "charge distribution" refer to?

  Arrangement of electric charge
• What is the triboelectric effect in the context of friction charging?

  Electron gain or loss ability
• Steps involved in charging by induction

  1️⃣ Bring a charged object near an uncharged object

  2️⃣ Polarize the uncharged object

  3️⃣ Ground the uncharged object

  4️⃣ Remove the charged object
• What role does grounding play in induction?

  Allows charge to flow away
• Electrostatic induction is the process of inducing a charge without any physical contact
• How does induction differ from conduction in terms of charge distribution?

  Allows selective charging
• In induction, grounding leaves the uncharged object with a net opposite charge.


  True
• Friction involves rubbing two neutral
• Steps of charging by induction

  1️⃣ Bring a charged object near an uncharged object

  2️⃣ Polarization occurs

  3️⃣ Ground the uncharged object

  4️⃣ One type of charge flows away

  5️⃣ Net opposite charge remains
• The triboelectric effect explains why different materials have different charging results.

  True
• Metals like copper, aluminum, and silver are examples of conductors
• In induction, grounding allows one type of charge to flow away
• Friction involves rubbing two neutral objects together to transfer electrons
• Conduction involves direct contact between a charged and an uncharged object.


  True
• How does friction charge neutral objects?

  By transferring electrons
• Conductors allow electrons to move freely, while insulators resist electron flow.


  True
• What type of charge does an uncharged object acquire after induction and grounding?

  Opposite to the original
• Match the charging method with its requirements and charge distribution:

  Friction ↔️ Requires contact, one gains charge, the other loses charge

  Conduction ↔️ Requires contact, charges equalize

  Induction ↔️ No contact, polarization, grounding leaves net opposite charge
• Match the charging method with its key concept:

  Friction ↔️ Triboelectric effect

  Conduction ↔️ Charge equalization

  Induction ↔️ Grounding
• Conduction results in equalized charge between objects.

  True
• What determines which object becomes positively charged in friction?

  Triboelectric effect
• Match the material pair with their resulting charges after friction:

  Rubber and Wool ↔️ Rubber (-), Wool (+)

  Glass and Silk ↔️ Glass (+), Silk (-)

  PVC and Human Hair ↔️ PVC (-), Human Hair (+)
• Charging by conduction is more effective on conductors than insulators.

  True
• Polarization occurs when charges separate in an object without physical contact.


  True
• Match the charging method with a real-life example:

  Friction ↔️ Rubbing a balloon on hair

  Conduction ↔️ Touching a doorknob after walking on carpet

  Induction ↔️ Bringing a charged object near metal