9.5 Thermodynamics and Collisions

• Match the field with its primary energy transformation and relevant laws:

  Thermodynamics ↔️ Heat ↔ Work ↔ Internal Energy, Laws of Thermodynamics

  Mechanics ↔️ Potential ↔ Kinetic, Newton's Laws

  Electromagnetism ↔️ Electrical ↔ Magnetic, Maxwell's Equations
• Thermodynamics is the study of energy transformation involving heat, work, and internal energy within a system
• The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that the entropy of an isolated system always decreases over time.

  False
• Match the Law of Thermodynamics with its key concept:

  Zeroth Law ↔️ Thermal Equilibrium

  First Law ↔️ Conservation of Energy

  Second Law ↔️ Entropy Increase

  Third Law ↔️ Absolute Zero
• Boiling water in an open container is an example of an open system.

  True
• The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that entropy always increases in an isolated system.


  True
• The Second Law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of an isolated system always increases over time.


  True
• Match the type of thermodynamic system with its characteristics:

  Open System ↔️ Exchanges matter and energy

  Closed System ↔️ Exchanges energy only

  Isolated System ↔️ Exchanges neither matter nor energy
• Order the types of thermodynamic systems based on their exchange of matter and energy, from most to least exchange:

  1️⃣ Open

  2️⃣ Closed

  3️⃣ Isolated
• What does the First Law of thermodynamics emphasize about energy transformations?

  Conservation of energy
• What is the primary cause of heat transfer in thermodynamics?

  Temperature difference
• What are the relevant laws of thermodynamics in the field of thermodynamics?

  Laws of thermodynamics
• Order the laws of thermodynamics based on their descriptions of energy relationships:

  1️⃣ Zeroth Law: Thermal equilibrium

  2️⃣ First Law: Conservation of energy

  3️⃣ Second Law: Entropy increase

  4️⃣ Third Law: Absolute zero
• The entropy of an isolated system always increases according to the second law of thermodynamics.


  True
• Match the type of thermodynamic system with its matter and energy exchange:

  Open system ↔️ Exchanges both matter and energy

  Closed system ↔️ Exchanges energy but not matter

  Isolated system ↔️ Exchanges neither matter nor energy
• Work is the transfer of mechanical energy in thermodynamics.


  True
• The total momentum before a collision equals the total momentum after the collision.


  True
• In an elastic collision, the total kinetic energy before the collision is equal to the total kinetic energy after
• What are the three main concepts studied in thermodynamics?

  Heat, work, and internal energy
• A car crash is an example of an inelastic collision.


  True
• The Third Law of Thermodynamics states that entropy approaches a minimum as temperature approaches absolute zero
• The First Law of Thermodynamics describes the conservation of energy in a system and states that ΔU = Q - W
• Summarize the Laws of Thermodynamics in order:

  1️⃣ Zeroth Law: Thermal equilibrium between systems

  2️⃣ First Law: Conservation of energy

  3️⃣ Second Law: Entropy increase in isolated systems

  4️⃣ Third Law: Entropy approaches minimum at absolute zero
• Match the type of thermodynamic system with its interaction with the surroundings:

  Open System ↔️ Exchanges matter and energy

  Closed System ↔️ Exchanges energy but not matter

  Isolated System ↔️ Exchanges neither matter nor energy
• The First Law of Thermodynamics states that the change in internal energy equals the heat added minus the work done
• The First Law of thermodynamics describes the conservation of energy
• Open systems exchange both matter and energy
• What type of thermodynamic system is a boiling pot of water without a lid?

  Open system
• The First Law of thermodynamics relates heat, work, and internal energy with the equation ΔU = Q - W.


  True
• Work decreases the internal energy of a system when it is done by the system.


  True
• Thermodynamics studies energy transformations involving heat, work, and internal energy.

  True
• The Zeroth Law of thermodynamics states that if two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third system, they are in equilibrium with each other
• The first law of thermodynamics describes the conservation of energy
• Order the types of thermodynamic systems based on their interaction with their surroundings:

  1️⃣ Isolated systems

  2️⃣ Closed systems

  3️⃣ Open systems
• What formula represents the first law of thermodynamics?

  $\Delta U =$$Q - W$
• Inelastic collisions conserve momentum but lose kinetic energy.
• In an inelastic collision, some kinetic energy is often converted to other forms of energy like heat
• In all collision processes, momentum is conserved.


  True
• In an inelastic collision, the objects bounce off each other without any loss of kinetic energy.

  False
• In thermodynamics, collisions facilitate the transfer of energy in the form of heat and work