9.2 Pressure, Thermal Equilibrium, and the Ideal Gas Law

• The ideal gas law can be used to solve for unknown variables in thermodynamic systems.

  True
• Thermal equilibrium occurs when two objects in thermal contact have the same temperature and no net heat transfer occurs.

  True
• The standard unit for pressure in the metric system is the Pascal.
• Match the components of the ideal gas law with their units:

  Pressure ↔️ Pascals (Pa)

  Volume ↔️ Cubic meters (m³)

  Number of Moles ↔️ mol

  Temperature ↔️ Kelvin (K)
• What is the fundamental condition for thermal equilibrium between two objects?

  Same temperature
• For thermal equilibrium to occur, objects must be in thermal contact
• What is the definition of pressure in physics?

  Force exerted per unit area
• The ideal gas law does not account for real gas behavior.
• Conditions necessary for thermal equilibrium:

  1️⃣ Thermal Contact

  2️⃣ Same Temperature

  3️⃣ Absence of External Factors
• What is the definition of thermal equilibrium in thermodynamics?

  No net heat transfer
• What is the mathematical formula for pressure?

  $P =$$\frac{F}{A}$
• For thermal equilibrium, objects must be in thermal contact.
• Heat transfers from hotter to cooler objects until thermal equilibrium is reached


  True
• What is the formula for the ideal gas law?

  $PV =$$nRT$
• What is the unit of pressure in the ideal gas law?

  Pascals (Pa)
• The ideal gas law relates pressure, volume, temperature, and the number of moles
• Match the quantity in the ideal gas law with its units:

  Pressure ↔️ Pascals (Pa)

  Volume ↔️ Cubic meters (m³)

  Number of Moles ↔️ Moles (mol)

  Temperature ↔️ Kelvin (K)
• How is pressure defined in physics?

  Force per unit area
• What is the ideal gas constant \(R\) used in the ideal gas law?

  8.314 \, \text{J / (mol}\cdot\text{K)}</latex>
• What are the key assumptions of ideal gases?

  Negligible volume, no intermolecular forces
• What is the unit for pressure in the ideal gas law?

  Pascals
• At constant temperature, pressure is directly proportional to volume according to Boyle's Law.

  False
• The ideal gas law relates the pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles
• To solve for pressure using the ideal gas law, the formula is P = \frac{nRT}{V}
• What real-world scenario involves constant volume and temperature changes, as described by the ideal gas law?

  Tire pressure
• The standard unit for pressure is the Pascal (Pa), which is equivalent to $1 \, \text{N / m}^{2}$.


  True
• The ideal gas law relates pressure, volume, number of moles, the ideal gas constant, and temperature
• What are the conditions necessary for thermal equilibrium?

  Thermal contact, uniform temperature, absence of external heat sources/sinks
• The value of the ideal gas constant R is approximately 8.314 J/(mol·K)


  True
• Ideal gases have negligible volume and no intermolecular forces

  True
• The key assumptions of the ideal gas law include no intermolecular forces and finite volume

  False
• The calculated pressure in the example problem is approximately 99768 Pascals


  True
• What equation relates pressure and volume in respiration under constant temperature?

  $P_{1}V_{1} =$$P_{2}V_{2}$
• Unlike ideal gases, real gases exhibit molecular interactions
• At high pressures, particle volume reduces the effective volume
• Pascals (Pa) are equivalent to $1 \, \text{N / m}^{2}$


  True
• Ideal gases have negligible volume and no intermolecular forces
• At constant pressure, volume is directly proportional to temperature
• The ideal gas law is expressed as PV = nRT
• What is the value of the ideal gas constant R?

  $8.314 \, \text{J / (mol}\cdot\text{K)}$