intro to biomed

• biomolecules definition

  molecules used in all life, large polymers (made of monomers), organic (carbon containing).
• types of biomolecules:

  • carbohydrates
  • proteins
  • nucleic acids
  • lipids
• condensation reaction:

  removal of $H_2O$
• hydrolysis reaction:

  addition of $H_2O$
• what bond does a carbohydrates have?

  glycosidic bond
• polysaccharides: cellulose - source, subunit, branches

  plant, beta glucose, no
• polysaccharides: amylose (starch) - source, subunit, branches


  plant, alpha glucose, no
• polysaccharides: amylopectin (starch) - source, subunit, branches


  plant, alpha glucose, yes ~ per 20 subunits
• polysaccharides: glycogen - source, subunit, branches


  animal, alpha glucose, yes ~ per 10 subunits
• polysaccharides

  offer structural properties and store energy
• amino acid structure around central C atom

  top: H

  bottom: R group

  left: NH2 - amine group

  right: COOH - carboxyl group
• what bond does a protein have?

  peptide bond
• bonds in tertiary structure of a protein:

  ionic bond, eg. NH3+ - O-

  hydrophobic interactions, eg. CH3 - CH3

  disulfide linkage, eg. S - S

  hydrogen bond, eg. OH -- O
• protein uses:

  • structural: skin, muscle
  • enzymes: all processes
  • hormones: regulation of body systems
  • immunity: Ig molecules
  • recognition: cell surface
• nucleic acids (DNA + RNA)

  responsible for carrying and translating genetic information
• nucleotide content:

  • phosphate group
  • deoxyribose
  • nitrogenous group
• purines:

  adenine, guanine
• pyrimidines:

  uracil, thymine, cytosine
• what bond do nucleotides form?

  phosphodiester bond
• true or false: pyrimidines are larger than purines?

  false
• adenine + thymine form how many bonds?

  2
• adenine + uracil form how many bonds?

  2
• guanine + cytosine form how many bonds?

  3
• what bonds do triglycerides form?

  ester bonds
• 3 types of lipids:

  1. triglycerides - energy storage
  2. phospholipids - structural
  3. sterols - signalling, eg. hormones