MIL

• Communication is a process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or behaviour.
• The process of communication involves the transmission of messages or information from one place or person to another, or the message itself.
• The source in communication is the person (or thing) attempting to share information.
• A message in communication is simply the information you want to communicate.
• Encoding in communication is the process of assembling the message into a representative design with the objective of ensuring that the receiver can comprehend it.
• An encoded message in communication is conveyed by the source through a channel.
• Decoding in communication is where listening, and reading directions carefully, makes its claim to fame.
• The message in communication is delivered to the receiver.
• Feedback in communication is the better word might be “reaction” or “responses.”
• Laswell’s Communication Model (1948) An attempt to answer the questions - Who says?, What TO WHOM?, Through what medium?, With what effect?
• SHANNON AND WEAVER’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION incorporates the concept of noise that refers to anything that interferes with the message.
• Sender (Information Source) are the person (or object, or thing – any information source) who has the information to begin with.
• The encoder is the machine (or person) that converts the idea into signals that can be sent from the sender to the receiver.
• The channel of communication is the infrastructure that gets information from the sender and transmitter through to the decoder and receiver.
• Noise interrupts a message while it’s on the way from the sender to the receiver. It’s named after the idea that ‘noise’ could interrupt our understanding of a message.
• Internal noise happens when a sender makes a mistake encoding a message or a receiver makes a mistake decoding the message.
• External noise happens when something external (not in the control of sender or receiver) impedes the message.
• The receiver is the end-point of the original Shannon and Weaver model of the technical communication process.
• The Osgood-Schramm model is built on the theory that communication is a two-way street, with a sender and a receiver.
• Charles Egerton Osgood popularized the notion that communication was circular rather than linear, meaning that its required two participants taking turns sending and receiving a message.
• Westley-MacLean’s Model of Communication (1957)

  Instead of having a sender merely relaying messages, you have a communicator who relays his/ her account of a selection of events or views/ voices in society.
• Ritual or Expressive MODEL

  The communication happens due to the need to share

  understanding and emotions.
• Graduation ceremony are ritualistic events with shared meanings within the academic community.
• An expressive communication model suggests that communication is a means to express personal feelings, emotions, and identity, fostering personal connections and understanding how individuals use various channels to authentically express themselves and their inner thoughts.
• Vlogging - An individual who uses a personal Vlog as a mode of expressive communication can use the Expressive Communication Model to analyze how they use language, multimedia, and narrative to authentically express their identity, emotions, and personal journey.
• The Publicity Model is a communication approach that focuses on spreading information to gain public attention and interest, aiming to make the audience aware of a specific message.
• Reception Model

  In this model, you come to understand communication as an open process, which means that messages sent and received are open to various interpretations based on context and the culture ofthe receiver.
• Berlo’s SMCR Model of Communication (1960)

  The model also focuses on encoding and decoding which happens before sender sends the message and before receiver receives the message respectively.
• Communication skills of a person is a factor that affects the communication process. If the sender has good communication skills, the message will be communicated better than if the sender’s communication skills are not good.
• The attitude of the sender and the receiver creates the effect of the message. The person’s attitude towards self, the receiver and the environment changes the meaning and effect of the message.
• Knowledge

  Familiarity with the subject of the message makes the communicated message have its effect more. Knowledge on the subject matter makes the communicator send the message effectively.
• Social Systems

  Values, beliefs, laws, rules, religion and many other social factors affect the sender’s way of communicating the message. It creates difference in the generation of message. Place and situation also fall under social systems.
•  Culture

  Cultural differences make messages different. A person from one culture might find something offensive which is very much accepted in another culture.
• Literacy

  The ability or identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate and compute, using printed and written materials with varying contexts.
• Media

  The plural form of medium, which (broadly speaking) describes any channel of communication. This can include anything from printed paper to digital data, and encompasses art, news, educational content and numerous other forms of information
• Media Literacy

  The ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media in a variety of forms.It aims to empower citizens by providing them with the competencies (knowledge and skills) necessary to engage with traditional media and new technologies.
• Information

  Knowledge of specific events or situations that has been gathered or received by communication, or intelligence or news.
• Information Literacy

  The ability to recognize when information is needed, and to locate, evaluate, and effectively communicate information in its various formats.
• Technology

  Hardware/Software used to create and communicate with media. Example: Radios, computers, telephones satellites, printing presses, etc.
• Technology Literacy

  The ability of an individual, either working independently or with others, to responsibly, appropriately, and effectively use technological tools.