History Normandy

• What year was the battle of hastings?


  1066
• Who were the 4 rivals to the throne?

  Edgar the Atheling

  Harold Hardrada

  Harold Godwinson

  William of Normandy
• Edgar the Atheling ?

  Great nephew of Edward the confessor

  Some earls supported his claim

  was overlooked because of his age.
• Harold Hardrada ?

  Related to king Canute (Edwards predecessor)

  Claimed his father was promised the throne so he should get it .
• Harold Godwinson?

  Edwards Brother in law

  Post obitum - Claimed Edward promised him the throne on his death bed

  Supported by English nobles.
• William of Normandy?

  Novissima Verba - claimed Edward promised him the throne during Godwin's exile

  Backed by the church and pope
• What year did king Canute die ?


  1035
• What year did Edward the confessor become king ?

  1042
• What year was the Godwin family exiled?


  1051
• What year did Edward die?


  1066
• Who were the three Marcher Earls ?

  Hugh d'Avranches

  Rodger of Montgomery

  William FitzOsbern
• William Fitzosbern ?

  Norman earl of Hereford (Responsible for south Wales)

  His Family provided 60 ships to William during the invasion
• Rodger of Montgomery ?

  Norman earl of Shrewsbury (responsible for mid Wales)

  Looked after Normandy whilst William was away at the battle of Hastings.
• Hugh d'Avranches ?

  Norman earl of Chester (responsible for North Wales)

  He fought with William at the Battle of Hastings
• What were the Welsh Marchers?

  The boarder between England and wales
• Gruffydd ap Llewellyn ?

  By 1055 he ruled all of wales

  He managed to unify wales for 8 years

  was defeated by Godwinson in the years prior to the Norman invasion

  The Norman conquest of wales was made mush easier because of of this
• What were the 4 types of troops at the battle of Hastings?


  Norman Knights

  Norman foot soldier

  Saxon housecarl

  Saxon fyrdsman
• A Norman Knight?

  Height advantage to strike down in combat

  Elite skills from years of training

  Chainmail armour Conical helmet with nose piece, kite shaped shield

  But horses vulnerable to attack and struggle to fight uphill
• A Norman foot soldier ?

  Some were archers and crossbow men

  Most were not trained to work in coordination with the knights

  weapons- Javelin Long axe , Kite shaped shield
• A Saxon housecarl ?

  Could decapitate a horse with a single blow

  Elite skills, years of axe training

  Good weapons and shields.
• A Saxon Frydsman ?

  Could make a gap in a shield wall for an axe man to attack

  No chain mail armour

  Fought with agricultural tools
• What were the main changes to the feudal system?

  All land was now owned by the king

  There were a larger number of Nobels such as barons who helped the king run the country.
• The role of the barons in the Norman feudal system?

  The King gave them land and titles in return they gave him their loyalty and military service.

  The barons could give shelter, food, protection and sometimes land to their Knights,

  In return they gave their loyalty and millitary service to the knights
• Roles of Knights and peasants in the Norman feudal system ?

  The Knights gave peasants food and protection in return they worked in the fields or as part of the Fyrd.
• What happened to English landowners?

  William wanted to reward the men who fought with him with land.

  By 1076 there were only 2 Englishmen who held land directly from the king.

  By 1096 all senior positions in the church were held by Normans.
• How did the lives of peasants change?

  Mostly had little impact

  But had new Norman Landlords
• Features of a Norman Village?

  In the middle was the church - the most important building as the church tower bell rang to signal working hours

  The open field system- strips of land given out for peasants to grow crops, 25 to 35% kept by the lord.

  Each peasant paid the lord rent.
• Why did the Anglo- Saxons rebel against William ?

  Loss of land- Earldoms were reduced in size by William, loss of land meant loss of money and power for the earls

  Some Norman earls seized land unlawfully

  Taxes- William increased taxes , they were taken back to Normandy and only benefited the Normans.

  Castles- were a symbol of Norman domination and control- often meant the clearance of Anglo-Saxon homes.
• Who ran the rebellions from 1066 onwards ?

  Edwin and morcar, Edgar the Atheling - (in the north)

  Had fled North and were annoyed that their earldoms had been made smaller

  Threat as they had a lot of influence in England
• What year was the revolt of Eustace ?

  1069
• What year was the south west and Exeter rebellion?

  1068
• What year was the rebellion of Edric the wild?

  1067
• What year was the rebellion of Eustace?

  1067
• What year was the rebellion of Exeter?

  1068
• What year was the rebellion of the north and north east?

  1069- 1070
• What year was the rebellion of Hereward the wake?

  1070
• What year was the rebellion of Malcom of Scotland?

  1072
• What year was the rebellion of the Norman Earls?

  1075
• What are the 7 rebellions?

  Edric the wild

  Eustace

  Exeter

  York

  Hereward the wake

  Malcom of Scotland

  Norman Earls
• What happened at the rebellion of Edric the wild?


  Welsh

  Pushed him back to wales

  Marcher lords