9.5 Bulk and Surface Properties of Matter Including Nanoparticles

• What are bulk properties dependent on?

  Material's volume
• Match the property with its characteristic:

  Bulk Properties ↔️ Independent of size

  Surface Properties ↔️ Dependent on surface area
• Nanoparticles have a relatively large surface area compared to their volume
• Match the property with its definition:

  Bulk Properties ↔️ Intrinsic characteristics of volume

  Surface Properties ↔️ Interactions at the surface
• What is an example of a solid?

  Ice
• The molecular arrangement in solids is ordered and close-packed
• Nanoparticles are more reactive than bulk materials.


  True
• Nanoparticles are used in electronics and medicine due to their unique properties.


  True
• The optical properties of nanoparticles are dependent on their size.

  True
• What are bulk properties defined by?

  Internal composition
• Surface properties like catalysis depend on the external environment
• The volume of a gas expands to fill its container
• The high surface area-to-volume ratio of nanoparticles enhances their optical and catalytic properties
• The small size and high surface area of nanoparticles allow them to interact with materials in ways that bulk materials cannot
• Catalysis is a key surface property of materials.


  True
• Surface properties are affected by the material's size.


  True
• What is a key characteristic of surface properties?

  Dependent on environment
• Arrange the states of matter in order of increasing molecular spacing:

  1️⃣ Solids

  2️⃣ Liquids

  3️⃣ Gases
• The volume of a liquid is fixed.


  True
• Nanoparticles have a very high surface area-to-volume
• Match the property with its effect in nanoparticles:

  High Surface Area ↔️ Increased Catalytic Activity

  Unique Optical Properties ↔️ Size-dependent Color
• The reactivity of nanoparticles is increased due to their high surface area
• Nanoparticles are useful in applications such as electronics and medicine
• Are bulk properties dependent on size?

  No
• Which state of matter is highly compressible?

  Gases
• What increases the reactivity of nanoparticles?

  High surface area
• What is one medical application of nanoparticles?

  Targeted drug delivery
• Surface properties are particularly important for small particles like nanoparticles
• What is an example of a bulk property?

  Density
• What determines the characteristics of bulk properties?

  Internal composition
• Bulk properties are constant regardless of the material's size.


  True
• What property is low for solids, liquids, and high for gases?

  Compressibility
• What is the size range for nanoparticles?

  $1 - 100 nm$
• What is a unique optical property of nanoparticles?

  Size-dependent color
• What is the size range of nanoparticles in nanometers?

  Less than 100 nm
• How do the mechanical properties of nanoparticles compare to bulk materials?

  Increased strength and hardness
• Surface properties are particularly important for nanoparticles due to their high surface area.

  True
• Liquids have a fixed volume but not a fixed shape.

  True
• What is the surface area-to-volume ratio of nanoparticles compared to bulk materials?

  Very high
• Nanoparticles are used in catalysis due to their enhanced catalytic activity.


  True