3.21 Use of Data in Statistics

• Categorical data can be divided into nominal and ordinal types.
• Discrete numerical data consists of values within a range.

  False
• Arrange the subtypes of data from least to most ordered:

  1️⃣ Nominal

  2️⃣ Ordinal

  3️⃣ Discrete

  4️⃣ Continuous
• Categorical data represents numerical measurements.

  False
• Data in statistics can be classified into categorical and numerical types.
• What are the two subtypes of categorical data?

  Nominal and ordinal
• What is primary data in statistics?

  Data collected directly by researcher
• What are the two main types of data based on how they are collected?

  Primary and Secondary Data
• What is secondary data?

  Data collected by others
• What are tables and charts used for in data organization?

  Organizing and presenting data
• What is the statistical definition of data?

  Factual information for analysis
• Match the data type with its subtype and example:

  Categorical ↔️ Nominal: Colors ||| Ordinal: Survey responses

  Numerical ↔️ Discrete: Number of employees ||| Continuous: Height
• What are the two main types of data in statistics?

  Categorical and Numerical
• What does numerical data consist of?

  Numeric values
• What is primary data collected directly by?

  The researcher
• What is a disadvantage of observation as a primary data collection method?

  Time-consuming
• What are two tools for effective data organization and presentation?

  Tables and charts
• A table summarizes data visually, while a chart presents detailed values.

  False
• Tables are best for structured data sets where detailed values need to be presented precisely
• A line graph is used to show trends and changes over time.
• What is the definition of the mean?

  The average value
• The mean, median, and mode are all measures of central tendency.


  True
• Standard deviation measures the average deviation from the mean.


  True
• Rates express a quantity per unit of another quantity.


  True
• Categorical data represents qualities or characteristics rather than numerical measurements.
• Give an example of categorical data.

  Types of fruit
• What are the two main types of data collection methods?

  Primary and secondary
• What are the two main types of data collection methods?

  Primary and secondary
• Match the primary data collection method with its advantage:

  Observation ↔️ Provides unbiased information

  Questionnaire ↔️ Efficient for large samples

  Interview ↔️ Allows in-depth information

  Experiment ↔️ Establishes cause-and-effect
• What are tables best used for in data presentation?

  Detailed structured data
• What is the definition of the mean in descriptive statistics?

  The average value
• Match the measure of dispersion with its purpose:

  Variance ↔️ Describes spread of data

  Standard deviation ↔️ Measures average deviation from mean
• What is the purpose of percentages in data analysis?

  Show proportions
• The standard deviation provides a measure of the average deviation from the mean
• Ratios compare two quantities as a fraction
• Ratios allow you to compare relative magnitudes
• A correlation value of -1 indicates a perfect negative linear relationship.


  True
• What can regression analysis predict if there is a strong positive correlation between study hours and exam scores?

  Exam score
• A study with a p-value of 0.01 indicates that the results are statistically significant
• What is the primary purpose of data in statistics?

  Analysis, inference, decision-making