9.3 Thermodynamic and Kinetic Control

• Kinetic control favors the thermodynamically stable product

  False
• What product is formed faster in the addition of HBr to butadiene at lower temperatures?

  1,2-addition product
• The thermodynamic product is defined as the most thermodynamically stable
• Thermodynamic products are favored under higher temperatures and longer reaction times
• Is the kinetic product more stable than the thermodynamic product?

  No
• Which addition product of HBr to butadiene is favored at lower temperatures?

  1,2-addition
• Why is the more substituted alkyl halide favored in the halogenation of alkanes under thermodynamic control?

  Hyperconjugation
• What is the defining feature of thermodynamic control in chemical reactions?

  Most stable product
• What is the primary kinetic factor influencing product formation under kinetic control?

  Activation energy
• What type of factors control the formation of thermodynamic products?

  Thermodynamic factors
• In the addition of HBr to butadiene at lower temperatures, which product is formed under kinetic control?

  1,2-addition
• What type of reaction time allows equilibrium to be reached under thermodynamic control?

  Longer
• Match the reaction with its thermodynamically favored product:

  Halogenation of alkanes ↔️ More substituted alkyl halide

  Dehydration of alcohols ↔️ More substituted alkene

  Dimerization of aldehydes ↔️ Cyclic acetal
• In the addition of HBr to butadiene, 1,2-addition is favored kinetically
• What does thermodynamic control favor in a chemical reaction?

  Most stable product
• What thermodynamic factor contributes to the stability of substituted alkyl halides in the halogenation of alkanes?

  Hyperconjugation
• Under thermodynamic control, the reaction proceeds to form the product with the lowest activation energy

  False
• Thermodynamic factors control the formation of the thermodynamic product.


  True
• Which addition product of HBr to butadiene is favored at higher temperatures?

  1,4-addition
• Thermodynamic control results in the formation of the most thermodynamically stable product.


  True
• What is the primary determinant of kinetic control in chemical reactions?

  Activation energy
• Under kinetic control, the reaction proceeds to the product with the fastest rate of formation.


  True
• Which product is favored under thermodynamic control in the addition of HBr to butadiene at higher temperatures?

  1,4-addition product
• In the addition of HBr to butadiene, the 1,2-addition product is favored at lower temperatures due to kinetic control
• Kinetic products can be less thermodynamically stable
• Lower temperatures favor the formation of kinetically controlled products
• Kinetic control results in the fastest-forming product, regardless of stability.


  True
• What is the kinetically favored product in the addition of HBr to butadiene at lower temperatures?

  1,2-addition
• What are three strategies to influence thermodynamic or kinetic control in a reaction?

  Temperature, reaction time, catalyst
• Kinetic control leads to the formation of the product that forms the fastest
• Order the steps to compare kinetic and thermodynamic control

  1️⃣ Identify the key difference: thermodynamic stability vs. reaction rate

  2️⃣ Determine the favored product under each type of control

  3️⃣ Analyze the factors influencing the outcome (e.g., temperature, activation energy)
• Thermodynamic control is favored at higher temperatures and longer reaction times
• What type of stability does the thermodynamic product have?

  Highest stability
• Kinetic factors like activation energy control the formation of the kinetic product.


  True
• Kinetic products are favored under lower temperatures and shorter reaction times
• Thermodynamic control is governed by thermodynamic factors like enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy
• Kinetic control is determined by kinetic factors, while thermodynamic control is determined by thermodynamic factors
• Thermodynamic control is determined by thermodynamic factors like enthalpy and entropy
• Kinetic control favors lower temperatures and shorter reaction times.


  True
• The thermodynamic product is the most thermodynamically stable