3.3 Vaccination and Antibiotics

• Vaccines provide active acquired immunity to a specific disease
• How is natural immunity acquired?

  Exposure to the pathogen
• What are the two processes through which active immunity can occur?

  Natural immunity and vaccination
• Active immunity provides long-lasting protection
• Vaccines provide immunity without the individual contracting the full-strength illness.


  True
• Match the advantage of vaccination programs with its disadvantage:

  Prevents disease spread ↔️ Potential side effects

  Provides herd immunity ↔️ Risk of allergic reactions

  Reduces disease severity ↔️ Logistical challenges in implementation
• Passive immunity occurs when an individual receives antibodies from an external source, such as through breast milk or antivenom
• How do vaccines stimulate the immune system?

  Weakened or inactive pathogen
• Vaccination programs have eliminated diseases like polio and measles worldwide.

  False
• One disadvantage of vaccination programs is the potential for side effects
• Which antibiotic class prevents the formation of the bacterial cell wall?

  Penicillin
• What is the primary reason for using antibiotics responsibly?

  Prevent resistance
• Natural immunity provides long-lasting protection
• Passive immunity offers immediate but temporary protection.


  True
• Match the type of immunity with its characteristic:

  Active Immunity ↔️ Long-lasting protection

  Passive Immunity ↔️ Immediate but temporary protection

  Vaccination ↔️ Stimulates antibody production

  Antivenom ↔️ Provides passive immunity
• Order the benefits of vaccination programs:

  1️⃣ Disease prevention

  2️⃣ Herd immunity

  3️⃣ Reduced disease severity
• What type of protection does passive immunity offer?

  Immediate but temporary
• Passive immunity provides long-lasting protection.

  False
• Inactivated vaccines contain dead pathogen particles that stimulate antibody production
• Match the mode of action with its description:

  Cell wall synthesis inhibition ↔️ Prevents formation of bacterial cell wall

  Protein synthesis inhibition ↔️ Blocks bacterial ribosome
• Enzyme production is a bacterial resistance mechanism where bacteria produce enzymes to inactivate antibiotics
• Completing the full course of antibiotics is essential to prevent bacterial resistance.


  True
• Vaccination provides active, long-lasting immunity
• Compare and contrast vaccination with antibiotic treatment based on their key features.

  1️⃣ Vaccination: Stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies

  2️⃣ Vaccination: Targets viruses and some bacteria

  3️⃣ Vaccination: Provides active, long-lasting immunity

  4️⃣ Antibiotic treatment: Kills or inhibits the growth of bacteria

  5️⃣ Antibiotic treatment: Targets bacteria only

  6️⃣ Antibiotic treatment: Provides temporary relief without immunity
• Natural immunity provides shorter protection compared to vaccine-induced immunity.

  False
• Passive immunity provides immediate but temporary protection.
• How do vaccines stimulate the immune system?

  Expose to weakened pathogen
• Match the type of vaccine with its contents and immune response.

  Inactivated Vaccines ↔️ Dead pathogen particles, stimulates antibody production

  Live Attenuated Vaccines ↔️ Weakened live pathogens, stronger immune response

  Subunit Vaccines ↔️ Specific parts of pathogen, targets specific antigens
• Vaccination programs can have side effects such as allergic reactions.

  True
• Herd immunity occurs when a large percentage of the population is vaccinated, protecting those who cannot be vaccinated

  True
• Public health officials must weigh the advantages and disadvantages of vaccination programs to maximize their benefits


  True
• Which antibiotic example targets cell wall synthesis in bacteria?

  Penicillin
• Reduced drug uptake and increased efflux are mechanisms that prevent antibiotics from entering bacteria
• What is one action to avoid when using antibiotics to prevent resistance?

  Self-medicating
• Match the feature with the correct treatment:

  Vaccination ↔️ Given preventatively

  Antibiotic Treatment ↔️ Given reactively
• What is the key difference in mechanism between vaccination and antibiotic treatment?

  Immune system stimulation vs. killing bacteria
• Bacteria can develop resistance to vaccines over time.

  False
• Vaccination involves stimulating the immune system to develop antibodies
• What is the main principle of active immunity?

  Body produces antibodies
• Match the feature with the type of immunity.

  Process: Body produces antibodies ↔️ Active Immunity

  Source: Breast milk ↔️ Passive Immunity