2.3 The Just War Theory

• Order the criteria of the Just War Theory according to their logical sequence in decision-making:

  1️⃣ Identify a grave injustice or threat

  2️⃣ Ensure primary intention is to address the just cause

  3️⃣ Declare war by a legitimate authority

  4️⃣ Assess if expected benefits outweigh harms

  5️⃣ Exhaust all peaceful alternatives
• One of the key criteria for a Just War is that the war must be in response to a grave injustice
• The Proportionality criterion requires that the expected benefits of war outweigh the expected harms.


  True
• The Just Peace Theory emphasizes that the primary intention of peace must be to establish a lasting, stable peace
• All peaceful alternatives must be exhausted before war is considered a last resort.


  True
• The Just War Theory provides a clear ethical framework for moral decision-making in conflicts.


  True
• The Just War Theory requires that war must be in response to a grave injustice
• The Just War Theory is a set of criteria used to determine when a war is morally justified
• The war must be declared by a legitimate governing authority
• The criteria for the Just War Theory include ensuring that all peaceful alternatives have been exhausted.

  True
• Match the criteria of the Just Peace Theory with their descriptions:

  Addressing Root Causes ↔️ Peace must address the underlying causes of conflict

  Establishing Lasting Peace ↔️ The primary intention is to create a stable, enduring peace

  Negotiation and Agreement ↔️ Peace must be agreed upon by all relevant parties

  Reconciliation and Compromise ↔️ All reasonable efforts at reconciliation must be made
• What does the Just Peace Theory contrast with?

  Just War Theory
• Order the disadvantages of the Just War Theory:

  1️⃣ Subjectivity in interpreting criteria

  2️⃣ Enforcement challenges by international bodies

  3️⃣ Ignores root causes of conflict

  4️⃣ Not applicable in all conflicts
• All peaceful alternatives must be exhausted before resorting to war, according to the Just War Theory.


  True
• The Just Peace Theory requires that peace must address the root causes of the conflict
• The Just Peace Theory emphasizes addressing the root causes of the conflict
• The Just Peace Theory outlines criteria for establishing a morally justified peace after a conflict
• The Just Peace criteria emphasize addressing the root causes of conflict and involving all stakeholders.

  True
• Match the criticisms of the Just War Theory with their explanations:

  Subjectivity ↔️ Criteria interpreted differently by parties

  Enforcement Challenges ↔️ No international body to enforce compliance

  Ignores Root Causes ↔️ Focuses on war conduct, not underlying causes

  Not Applicable in All Conflicts ↔️ May not suit asymmetrical warfare or civil wars
• Steps for applying the Just War Theory in a conflict

  1️⃣ Assess grave injustice or threat

  2️⃣ Exhaust peaceful alternatives

  3️⃣ Seek legitimate governing authority

  4️⃣ Ensure proportionality of response
• What is the final resort criterion in the Just War Theory?

  All peaceful alternatives
• Order the key steps in establishing a Just Peace:

  1️⃣ Address root causes of conflict

  2️⃣ Involve all stakeholders

  3️⃣ Negotiate and agree on peace terms

  4️⃣ Implement equitable resolution
• What is the primary focus of the Just Peace criteria in contrast to the Just War Theory?

  Durable and equitable resolution
• Match the Just War Theory criteria with their Just Peace equivalents:

  Grave injustice or threat ↔️ Address root causes of conflict

  Address the just cause ↔️ Establish lasting peace

  Legitimate governing authority ↔️ Negotiated by all parties

  Expected benefits outweigh harms ↔️ Expected peace benefits outweigh costs

  Exhaust all peaceful alternatives ↔️ Reconciliation and compromise
• What ethical guidance does the Just War Theory provide in conflict situations?

  Moral decision-making framework
• What is one disadvantage of the Just War Theory regarding its enforcement?

  No international enforcement body
• The Just War Theory has faced criticisms regarding its effectiveness in resolving conflicts
• Match the criteria of the Just War Theory with their descriptions:

  Just Cause ↔️ The war must respond to a grave injustice

  Right Intention ↔️ The primary aim is to address the just cause

  Proper Authority ↔️ The war must be declared by a legitimate authority

  Proportionality ↔️ The expected benefits must outweigh the harms

  Last Resort ↔️ All peaceful alternatives must be exhausted
• The Just War Theory aims to prevent wars fought out of self-interest or aggression.


  True
• The primary intention of a Just War must be to address the just cause
• The Just Peace Theory requires addressing the root causes of the conflict to establish lasting peace.

  True
• The expected benefits of peace must outweigh expected costs of implementation
• The Just Peace criteria focus on establishing a durable and equitable resolution
• What is the primary intention in the Just War Theory?

  Address the just cause
• Match the Just War Theory criteria with their descriptions:

  Just Cause ↔️ War responds to grave injustice

  Right Intention ↔️ Addresses the just cause, not personal gain

  Proper Authority ↔️ War declared by legitimate government

  Proportionality ↔️ Expected benefits outweigh harms
• In the Just Peace Theory, peace must be negotiated and agreed by all relevant parties.


  True
• What is the final resort criterion in the Just Peace Theory?

  Reconciliation and compromise
• The Just War Theory aims to ensure wars are fought for justified reasons and conducted in a humane manner
• The Just War Theory promotes consistency in military actions through international consensus
• In what types of conflicts is the Just War Theory less applicable?

  Asymmetrical warfare ||| Civil wars