2.5 Pacifism

• Match the religious belief with its key religious figure:

  Ahimsa (non-violence) ↔️ Mahatma Gandhi

  Pacifism ↔️ Martin Luther King Jr.

  Just War Theory ↔️ Pope John Paul II
• Pope John Paul II condemned the Gulf War but accepted the use of force in certain circumstances
• The Quakers are a Christian religious group that has historically opposed war and violence.


  True
• Violence and war are morally wrong because they involve the unjustified harming or killing of human beings
• What are the two types of arguments pacifists use to support their beliefs?

  Moral and practical
• Match the pacifist with their religious belief or principle:

  Mahatma Gandhi ↔️ Ahimsa (non-violence)

  Martin Luther King Jr. ↔️ Christianity
• Conscientious objectors during the World Wars refused to participate in the mass destruction of war.

  True
• Match the religious figure with their belief or movement:

  Mahatma Gandhi ↔️ Ahimsa and Indian Independence

  Martin Luther King Jr. ↔️ Pacifism and Civil Rights

  Pope John Paul II ↔️ Just War Theory
• Pacifists believe that non-violent methods are both morally superior and practically effective in achieving lasting change.


  True
• Pacifism is based on the religious principle of ahimsa, which means non-violence.


  True
• What is the practical argument for pacifism, as demonstrated by historical examples like the Civil Rights Movement?

  Non-violent civil disobedience
• Match the current application of pacifism with its example:

  Climate Change Activism ↔️ Extinction Rebellion

  Anti-War Movements ↔️ Protests against the Iraq War

  Racial Justice Movements ↔️ Black Lives Matter

  Pro-Democracy Movements ↔️ Sit-ins in Hong Kong
• Pacifism is criticized for being impractical for collective self-defense against external military threats.

  True
• Pacifists believe conflicts should be resolved through non-violent means such as negotiation, mediation, and civil disobedience
• Which religious figure led the civil rights movement in the US through non-violent resistance?

  Martin Luther King Jr.
• Arrange the following historical examples of pacifism in chronological order:

  1️⃣ Quakers

  2️⃣ Conscientious Objectors in World Wars

  3️⃣ Civil Rights Movement in the US

  4️⃣ Indian Independence Movement

  5️⃣ Anti-Vietnam War Protests
• Which religious principle did Mahatma Gandhi use to justify his pacifist stance?

  Ahimsa
• Pacifists believe that all life is sacred and non-violence is the only moral way to resolve conflicts.

  True
• Which historical example showed that violence often breeds more violence?

  Anti-Vietnam War protests
• What religious principle in Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism promotes non-violence?

  Ahimsa
• Conscientious objectors during the World Wars refused to participate in military service
• Mahatma Gandhi led India's independence struggle through non-violent tactics like the Salt March and non-cooperation
• Some opponents criticize pacifism for being a passive complicity in the presence of injustice.


  True
• Critics view pacifism as complicity in injustice because it fails to confront violence
• Ahimsa is a core principle in Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism that prohibits harm or violence against all living beings.


  True
• What non-violent tactic did Mahatma Gandhi use during the Indian Independence Movement?

  The Salt March
• Pacifists believe that all life is sacred and that non-violence is the only moral way to resolve conflicts.


  True
• Violence and war are considered morally wrong because they involve the unjustified harming or killing of human beings
• The Indian independence movement led by Gandhi used non-violent civil disobedience to challenge British rule
• Pacifism is rooted in the conviction that peaceful methods are not only ethically superior but also more effective in achieving lasting resolution and justice
• Who led India's independence movement using non-violent civil disobedience?

  Mahatma Gandhi
• Who led the Civil Rights Movement in the US, which used non-violent civil disobedience to protest racial injustice?

  Martin Luther King Jr.
• Match the historical example of pacifism with its description:

  Quakers ↔️ Oppose war and promote non-violent resistance

  Conscientious Objectors ↔️ Refused military service in World Wars

  Civil Rights Movement ↔️ Protested racial injustice with non-violence

  Indian Independence Movement ↔️ Used non-violent tactics like the Salt March

  Anti-Vietnam War Protests ↔️ Opposed US involvement through protests
• Critics of pacifism argue it may leave individuals and communities vulnerable to violence
• What is one criticism of pacifism regarding its effectiveness against determined aggressors?

  It may be powerless