2.5.2 The Universe

• Arrange the stages of a star's life cycle in order:

  1️⃣ Birth

  2️⃣ Main Sequence

  3️⃣ Death
• What two properties are used to classify stars in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram?

  Temperature and luminosity
• Match the planet type with its composition:

  Gas Giants ↔️ Hydrogen and helium

  Ice Giants ↔️ Ice, rock, hydrogen, helium

  Terrestrial Planets ↔️ Rock and metal
• Moons are smaller celestial bodies that orbit planets.

  True
• Order the formation of the Solar System according to the gravitational collapse theory:

  1️⃣ Gravitational collapse of a large cloud of gas and dust

  2️⃣ Formation of the Sun

  3️⃣ Formation of planets
• Stars are luminous spheres of plasma held together by gravity.


  True
• The Big Bang Theory posits that the Universe originated from an extremely hot and dense state approximately 13.8 billion years ago
• What are galaxies primarily composed of?

  Stars, gas, dust, dark matter
• Spiral galaxies contain both young and old stars.


  True
• Stars are luminous spheres of plasma held together by gravity.

  True
• Order the stages of the Big Bang Theory:

  1️⃣ The Singularity

  2️⃣ Inflation

  3️⃣ Nucleosynthesis

  4️⃣ Recombination

  5️⃣ Galaxy Formation

  6️⃣ Present Day Expansion
• Recombination made the Universe transparent by forming neutral atoms.


  True
• Match the galaxy type with its characteristics:

  Spiral ↔️ Flattened disk with spiral arms

  Elliptical ↔️ Smooth oval shape

  Irregular ↔️ No defined shape
• A supernova explosion can leave behind a black hole.


  True
• Match the planet type with its characteristics:

  Gas Giants ↔️ Large, low density, no solid surface

  Terrestrial ↔️ Smaller, higher density, solid surface
• The Solar System formed from the gravitational collapse of a large cloud of gas and dust.


  True
• Match the planet type with its composition:

  Gas Giants ↔️ Hydrogen and helium

  Ice Giants ↔️ Ice, rock, and some hydrogen/helium
• The Universe includes all galaxies, stars, planets, and other celestial bodies.


  True
• The Big Bang Theory states that the Universe began 13.8 billion years ago from an extremely hot and dense state.


  True
• Galaxies are large systems of stars, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter.


  True
• Galaxies are large, gravitationally bound systems of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter
• What field studies the origin, evolution, and fate of the Universe?

  Cosmology
• Arrange the stages of the Big Bang in chronological order:

  1️⃣ The Singularity

  2️⃣ Inflation

  3️⃣ Nucleosynthesis

  4️⃣ Recombination

  5️⃣ Galaxy Formation

  6️⃣ Present Day Expansion
• Galaxies form from the gravitational collapse of vast clouds of gas and dark matter
• What are galaxies composed of?

  Stars, gas, dust, dark matter
• What is the study of the Universe's origin, evolution, and fate called?

  Cosmology
• During nucleosynthesis, light elements such as hydrogen and helium were formed
• What are the three primary types of galaxies in the Universe?

  Spiral, elliptical, irregular
• What is the primary energy source for stars during the main sequence stage?

  Hydrogen fusion
• What are the two main types of planets in terms of composition?

  Gas giants and terrestrial
• Moons are smaller celestial bodies that orbit around planets
• The Solar System formed approximately 4.6 billion years ago.


  True
• Terrestrial planets are composed primarily of rock and metal
• The study of the Universe and its components is called cosmology
• During the stage of nucleosynthesis, light elements like hydrogen and helium were formed.
• Galaxies form through the gravitational collapse of vast clouds of gas and dark matter
• Planets are classified into three primary types: gas giants, ice giants, and terrestrial planets.
• Planetary systems form from the gravitational collapse of large clouds of gas and dust
• The Solar System is the planetary system surrounding the Sun
• The properties of planets depend on their location within the collapsing cloud of gas and dust.


  True