4.4 Psychodynamic and Humanistic Theories of Personality

• What are two major approaches to personality theories?

  Psychodynamic and humanistic
• What do psychodynamic theories emphasize that humanistic theories do not?

  Unconscious processes
• Social-cognitive theories emphasize the role of reciprocal determinism
• Trait theories assume that personality traits are stable and enduring
• The ego mediates between the id's impulses and the demands of the external world
• What are the three key components of personality according to Freudian psychodynamic theory?

  Id, ego, and superego
• Match the personality perspective with its key concepts:

  Psychodynamic ↔️ Unconscious drives

  Humanistic ↔️ Self-actualization
• Psychodynamic theories highlight the impact of early childhood experiences, while humanistic theories stress current feelings
• Match the psychodynamic concept with its description:

  Unconscious Drives ↔️ Impulses below conscious awareness

  Early Childhood Experiences ↔️ Events shaping personality patterns

  Defense Mechanisms ↔️ Strategies to reduce anxiety
• Defense mechanisms help the ego maintain a positive self-image by managing anxiety.


  True
• Denial involves refusing to acknowledge a painful or threatening reality
• What are the five psychosexual stages of development according to Freud?

  Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
• Order the psychosexual stages of development according to Freud's theory:

  1️⃣ Oral

  2️⃣ Anal

  3️⃣ Phallic

  4️⃣ Latency

  5️⃣ Genital
• What complex arises during the phallic stage, according to Freud?

  Oedipus/Electra complex
• Unresolved conflicts in the psychosexual stages can lead to fixation in adulthood.


  True
• Match the psychosexual stage with its age range:

  Oral ↔️ 0-18 months

  Anal ↔️ 18-36 months

  Phallic ↔️ 3-6 years

  Latency ↔️ 6-puberty
• What does the humanistic perspective believe about free will?

  People can make choices
• Defense mechanisms are psychological strategies used to reduce anxiety and maintain ego integrity.
• Denial is a defense mechanism used to avoid acknowledging a painful reality.
• Repression is a defense mechanism used to block disturbing memories from conscious awareness.


  True
• What is the main drive of the id in Freudian theory?

  Immediate gratification
• What is an example of denial as a defense mechanism?

  Denying a terminal illness
• Match the psychosexual stage with its focus:

  Oral ↔️ Mouth

  Anal ↔️ Bowel and bladder elimination

  Phallic ↔️ Genitals
• Humanists believe that people are driven by unconscious motives rather than free will.

  False
• The belief that people have the capacity to make choices and shape their own lives is known as free will
• Humanists believe people are driven by free will to pursue self-actualization
• What is the core belief of humanists regarding free will?

  People shape their lives
• What is the purpose of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

  Proposes human motivation
• The psychodynamic approach assumes that personality is shaped by unresolved conflicts from the past
• Psychodynamic theories view defense mechanisms as ways to manage anxiety
• Biological perspectives suggest that personality is influenced by genetic factors.


  True
• Match the defense mechanism with its description:

  Denial ↔️ Refusing to acknowledge reality

  Repression ↔️ Blocking disturbing memories
• What does the superego represent in Freudian theory?

  Moral conscience
• The id is driven by instincts and impulses, seeking immediate gratification
• What do psychodynamic theories emphasize that humanistic theories do not?

  Unconscious processes
• Humanistic theories view individuals as striving for self-actualization and personal growth.

  True
• According to Freud, what are defense mechanisms used for?

  Manage anxiety
• What is the purpose of defense mechanisms according to Freud?

  Manage anxiety
• Repression involves blocking disturbing thoughts or memories from conscious awareness.


  True
• Match the psychosexual stage with its focus:

  Oral ↔️ Mouth

  Anal ↔️ Bowel and bladder elimination

  Phallic ↔️ Genitals

  Genital ↔️ Mature sexual relationships