3.2 Immune System

• The immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from harmful microorganisms
• Innate immunity is the first line of defense against pathogens.


  True
• Adaptive immunity activates immediately upon pathogen detection.

  False
• Phagocytes engulf and digest pathogens through a process called phagocytosis
• The non-specific immune response targets specific antigens on pathogens.

  False
• Compare the non-specific and specific immune responses:

  Targeting ↔️ Non-specific vs. antigen-specific

  Key Cells ↔️ Phagocytes vs. lymphocytes

  Memory ↔️ No memory vs. creates memory cells
• Which cells are key in the non-specific immune response?

  Phagocytes
• Lymphocytes produce antibodies to neutralize pathogens
• Antigens trigger the immune system to produce antibodies.


  True
• Innate immunity is a non-specific response to a broad range of pathogens
• The immune system comprises cells, tissues, and organs working together to protect the body.

  True
• Arrange the following steps in the immune response to a pathogen:

  1️⃣ Pathogen enters the body

  2️⃣ Innate immunity provides immediate, non-specific defense

  3️⃣ Adaptive immunity creates memory cells

  4️⃣ Pathogen is neutralized
• Memory cells are created during the specific immune response for long-term protection.


  True
• The specific immune response is immediate, unlike the non-specific response

  False
• What do cytotoxic T cells do in the specific immune response?

  Attack infected cells
• Memory cells provide long-term protection against future infections


  True
• Adaptive immunity creates memory cells for long-term protection

  True
• The specific immune response is tailored to specific antigens
• What is the main difference between the non-specific and specific immune responses?

  Targeted vs. non-targeted
• What type of cells are created during the specific immune response to provide long-term protection?

  Memory cells
• What are examples of the non-specific immune response?

  Skin, mucous membranes
• Memory cells are a type of lymphocyte that provides long-term protection against specific pathogens.
• What happens in autoimmune disorders?

  Immune system attacks body
• Vaccinations stimulate the adaptive immune system by introducing weakened or inactivated forms of a pathogen.
• Vaccinations reduce the severity of infectious diseases by creating memory cells that "remember" specific pathogens.


  True
• What substances on the surface of microorganisms trigger the immune system to produce antibodies?

  Antigens
• The components of the immune system work together to defend the body against a wide range of pathogens.


  True
• What type of immunity creates memory cells for future protection against specific pathogens?

  Adaptive immunity
• What type of cells engulf and digest pathogens in the non-specific immune response?

  Phagocytes
• The specific immune response creates memory cells for long-term protection against the same pathogen.

  True
• The specific immune response is tailored to specific antigens on the pathogen.

  True
• Which type of cell is a key component of the non-specific immune response?

  Natural killer cells
• Match the adaptive immune system mechanism with its description:

  Antigen Presentation ↔️ Macrophages and dendritic cells present antigens to lymphocytes

  B Cell Activation ↔️ B cells produce antibodies to neutralize antigens

  T Cell Activation ↔️ Cytotoxic T cells attack infected cells
• What type of immune system disorder involves the immune system attacking healthy cells?

  Autoimmune disorder
• Match the white blood cell type with its function:

  Phagocytes ↔️ Engulf and digest pathogens

  Lymphocytes ↔️ Produce antibodies and memory cells

  Macrophages ↔️ Present antigens to lymphocytes
• Innate immunity has no memory of previous infections
• Antibodies neutralize pathogens by binding to their antigens.


  True
• The specific immune response is tailored to specific antigens
• The specific immune response creates memory cells for long-term protection
• Macrophages and dendritic cells present antigens to lymphocytes