Property dualism holds that the mind and body are separate substances.
False
What challenge does substance dualism face regarding the interaction between mind and body?
Explaining causal relationships
Match the dualist theory with its key feature:
Property Dualism ↔️ Mental properties emerge from physical processes
Substance Dualism ↔️ Mind and body are separate substances
Substance dualism explains mental causation without any issues.
False
In property dualism, mental properties emerge from physical processes, but they retain their distinction
What does property dualism assert about mental properties?
They emerge from physical processes
In property dualism, mental properties are distinct but have a close relationship with underlying physical properties
Explaining causal interaction between mind and body is a challenge for substance dualism.
True
Property dualism allows for mental causation without the issues faced by substance dualism.
True
Experiencing love is reducible to simple brain activation in strong emergence.
False
What does property dualism contrast with in terms of mind-body relationship?
Substance dualism
How does property dualism explain the mind-body relationship?
Mental properties emerge from physical processes
In property dualism, the mind has non-physical properties
How does property dualism avoid the interaction problem of substance dualism?
Mental properties emerge from physical processes
Property dualism avoids the interaction problem by asserting mental properties are emergent rather than separate substances.
True
The emergence of mental properties refers to how mental states and experiences arise from complex physical systems
In weak emergence, mental properties cannot be deduced from physical properties.
False
Mental states reflect a higher level of organization and complexity in physical systems.
True
Order the following theories from most dualistic to least dualistic:
1️⃣ Substance Dualism
2️⃣ Property Dualism
3️⃣ Eliminative Materialism
What problem does Property Dualism avoid that Substance Dualism faces?
The interaction problem
What is the key difference between property dualism and substance dualism regarding the nature of the mind?
Non-physical properties vs separate substance
Property dualism avoids the problem of how two completely different substances can interact.
True
In property dualism, mental properties emerge from physical processes, but they cannot be reduced
Match the dualist theory with its approach to mental causation:
Property Dualism ↔️ Allows causation without substance dualism issues
Substance Dualism ↔️ Struggles to explain causal relationships
In property dualism, mental properties are identical to physical properties.
False
In property dualism, mental properties emerge from physical processes
How does substance dualism view the mind and body relationship?
Separate, interacting substances
Property Dualism is the view that the mind and body are distinct, with the mind having mental properties that are not reducible to or identical with physical properties
In substance dualism, mental and physical entities are considered mutually irreducible
What causal interaction is posited in substance dualism between mind and body?
Interaction between separate substances
What problem does substance dualism face in explaining the interaction between mind and body?
Causal interaction between substances
Property dualism avoids the problem of explaining how two completely different substances interact.
True
In substance dualism, mental and physical entities are irreducible to each other
In substance dualism, the mind and body are separate substances
Consciousness is an example of strong emergence
The wetness of water is an example of weak emergence
Property dualism addresses criticisms of substance dualism by avoiding the need to explain mind-body interaction.
True
What is the primary difference between property dualism and substance dualism in terms of interaction?
Emergence vs. causal interaction
Mental properties are reducible to physical properties in property dualism.
False
What is an example of a mental property in property dualism?