6.5.1 X-Rays

• What is X-ray attenuation?

  Reduction in X-ray intensity
• Match the tissue type with its relative X-ray attenuation level:

  Bone ↔️ High

  Muscle ↔️ Medium

  Fat ↔️ Low

  Air ↔️ Very Low
• X-rays are a form of ionizing radiation.
• Match the medical imaging technique with its properties:

  X-Rays ↔️ High resolution, limited soft tissue contrast

  Ultrasound ↔️ Moderate resolution, excellent for soft tissues

  MRI ↔️ High resolution, excellent for soft tissues

  CT Scans ↔️ High resolution, good for both soft and hard tissues
• What is the typical wavelength range of X-rays?

  0.01 to 10 nm
• X-rays are ionizing radiation that can remove electrons from atoms.

  True
• X-rays provide high resolution images but limited contrast for soft tissues
• X-rays have wavelengths typically in the range of 0.01 to 10 nanometers
• Rank the following medical imaging techniques by their ability to visualize soft tissues from best to worst.

  1️⃣ MRI

  2️⃣ Ultrasound

  3️⃣ X-rays
• What are the three primary interactions of X-rays with matter?

  Absorption, scattering, transmission
• X-rays have wavelengths typically in the range of 0.01 to 10 nanometers
• Steps in the production of X-rays using a conventional X-ray tube.

  1️⃣ Heating the cathode to produce electrons

  2️⃣ Accelerating electrons towards the anode

  3️⃣ Generating X-rays through Bremsstrahlung and characteristic radiation
• X-rays have high energy and short wavelengths, typically in the range of 0.01 to 10 nanometers.


  True
• X-rays can penetrate through soft tissues in the body, enabling visualization of internal structures.

  True
• Rank the following medical imaging techniques by their ability to visualize bones from best to worst.

  1️⃣ X-rays

  2️⃣ CT Scans

  3️⃣ Ultrasound
• X-rays have wavelengths typically in the range of 0.01 to 10 nanometers
• X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths and high frequencies
• Steps in the production of X-rays using a conventional X-ray tube

  1️⃣ Heating the cathode

  2️⃣ Electron acceleration

  3️⃣ X-ray generation
• The wavelength of X-rays ranges from 0.01 to 10 nanometers
• X-rays are a form of ionizing radiation that can damage cells
• Match the medical imaging technique with its properties:

  X-Rays ↔️ High resolution, good for bones

  Ultrasound ↔️ Moderate resolution, excellent for soft tissues
• What is the typical wavelength range of X-rays?

  0.01 to 10 nm
• X-rays are a form of ionizing radiation.


  True
• X-rays can penetrate through soft tissues in the body.


  True
• Match the medical imaging technique with its key characteristic:

  X-Rays ↔️ Good for bones, limited soft tissue contrast

  Ultrasound ↔️ Excellent for soft tissues, moderate resolution

  MRI ↔️ High resolution, excellent soft tissue contrast
• Rank the following medical imaging techniques by their use of radiation, from highest to lowest.

  1️⃣ CT Scans

  2️⃣ X-Rays

  3️⃣ Ultrasound
• What are the three primary interactions of X-rays with matter?

  Absorption, scattering, transmission
• What material is commonly used for the cathode in X-ray tubes?

  Tungsten
• Match the medical imaging technique with its key characteristic:

  X-Rays ↔️ Good for bones, limited soft tissue contrast

  Ultrasound ↔️ Excellent for soft tissues, moderate resolution

  MRI ↔️ High resolution, excellent soft tissue contrast
• Through what processes do X-rays interact with matter?

  Absorption, scattering, transmission
• X-rays can pass through soft tissues, allowing visualization of internal structures.


  True
• What are the three primary interactions of X-rays with matter?

  Absorption, scattering, transmission
• X-ray photons are deflected by atoms in a process called Compton scattering
• Why is X-ray attenuation important in medical imaging?

  Creates contrast between tissues
• Computed radiography (CR) uses a photostimulable phosphor plate to store images.


  True
• Steps in film radiography for X-ray detection

  1️⃣ X-rays interact with silver halide crystals

  2️⃣ A latent image is created

  3️⃣ Film processing is required
• Digital radiography uses solid-state detectors to directly convert X-rays into digital images.


  True
• Photographic film is inexpensive but requires chemical processing
• X-rays have wavelengths typically in the range of 0.01 to 10 nanometers
• Match the X-ray production technique with its method:

  X-Ray Tubes ↔️ High voltage to accelerate electrons

  Synchrotron Radiation ↔️ Magnetic fields to generate beams