2.4.3 Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids

• What is the functional group present in alcohols?

  -OH (hydroxyl)
• What is the general structure of alcohols?

  Alkyl group + -OH
• What is the general structure of carboxylic acids?

  Alkyl group + -COOH
• What is an example of a carboxylic acid?

  Formic acid (HCOOH)
• Carboxylic acids are strongly acidic due to the presence of the -COOH group.


  True
• The carboxyl group in carboxylic acids is -COOH.
• What is the functional group in carboxylic acids?

  -COOH (carboxyl)
• What is the general structure of alcohols?

  -R-OH
• What type of bond is present in the hydroxyl group (-OH)?

  C-O-H
• The -OH functional group in alcohols is weakly acidic due to its ability to partially donate a proton
• What suffix is used to name alcohols in the IUPAC system?

  -ol
• What suffix is used to name carboxylic acids in the IUPAC system?

  -oic acid
• Steps to name an alcohol

  1️⃣ Identify the parent alkane chain

  2️⃣ Replace the "-ane" ending with "-ol"

  3️⃣ Indicate the position of the -OH group using a number prefix
• Carboxylic acids contain the functional group -COOH
• Carboxylic acids have a general structure of an alkyl group attached to the -COOH functional group.
• The functional group in alcohols is attached to an alkyl group.
• What is the general structure of alcohols?

  Alkyl group + -OH
• Match the property with the correct compound:

  Weakly acidic ↔️ Alcohols

  Strongly acidic ↔️ Carboxylic Acids
• What is the functional group in alcohols?

  -OH (hydroxyl)
• Carboxylic acids are strongly acidic while alcohols are weakly acidic.


  True
• Both alcohols and carboxylic acids contain an alkyl group (-R) bonded to a functional group
• What bonds are present in the carboxyl group (-COOH)?

  C=O and C-OH
• What is the key difference in acidity between alcohols and carboxylic acids?

  Carboxylic acids are stronger
• In alcohol nomenclature, the "-ane" ending of the parent alkane is replaced with -ol
• In carboxylic acid nomenclature, the "-ane" ending of the parent alkane is replaced with "-oic acid"


  True
• The general name for CH3OH is methanol


  True
• The oxidation of an alcohol using K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 results in the formation of an aldehyde or ketone


  True
• Steps in the ether formation reaction

  1️⃣ React two alcohol molecules

  2️⃣ Remove a water molecule

  3️⃣ Form an ether
• Steps to describe the general structure of alcohols and carboxylic acids

  1️⃣ Identify the general structure: -R-OH for alcohols and -R-COOH for carboxylic acids

  2️⃣ Define the key components: alkyl group (-R) and functional group (-OH or -COOH)

  3️⃣ Provide examples such as methanol and formic acid
• What are the two key functional groups that distinguish alcohols and carboxylic acids?

  -OH and -COOH
• Carboxylic acids are strongly acidic due to the presence of the -COOH group
• Steps to name an alcohol using IUPAC nomenclature:

  1️⃣ Identify the parent alkane chain

  2️⃣ Replace the "-ane" ending with "-ol"

  3️⃣ Indicate the position of the -OH group using a number prefix
• Carboxylic acids replace the "-ane" ending of the parent alkane with "-oic acid".


  True
• How is the parent alkane chain identified in naming a carboxylic acid?

  Replace -ane with -oic acid
• The key difference in nomenclature between alcohols and carboxylic acids is their suffix
• Alcohols undergo esterification when reacted with carboxylic acids.


  True
• The formation of diethyl ether requires concentrated sulfuric acid and a temperature of 140°C
• Which alcohol is used as a fuel additive or as a fuel itself in biofuels?

  Ethanol
• Vinegar is primarily composed of acetic acid.


  True
• Steps to name a carboxylic acid

  1️⃣ Identify the parent alkane chain

  2️⃣ Replace the "-ane" ending with "-oic acid"

  3️⃣ Indicate the position of the -COOH group using a number prefix