10.2. Applications of Nuclear Radiation

• Alpha radiation consists of two protons and two neutrons
• The half-life of carbon-14 is 5,730 years.
• Alpha radiation is equivalent to a helium nucleus.
• What is the radioactive isotope used in carbon-14 dating?

  Carbon-14
• What type of radiation is used in X-rays to create images of internal structures?

  High-energy electromagnetic radiation
• External beam therapy delivers radiation from an external source to the tumor.


  True
• What is nuclear radiation emitted from?

  Atomic nuclei
• Carbon-14 dating relies on the decay of the radioactive isotope carbon-14
• Carbon-14 dating is applicable to materials up to 50,000 years ago.
• Match the medical imaging technique with its radiation type:

  X-rays ↔️ High-energy electromagnetic radiation

  PET scans ↔️ Positrons emitted by radioactive tracers
• External beam therapy delivers radiation from an external source to the tumor.
• Radioactive waste from nuclear power plants requires safe long-term storage
• Nuclear radiation refers to the energy emitted in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles
• Gamma radiation has no electric charge.


  True
• Carbon-14 dating can be used to determine the age of materials older than 50,000 years.

  False
• Beta radiation can be composed of positrons, which have a positive charge.


  True
• Carbon-14 dating is only applicable to organic materials.


  True
• Match the medical imaging technique with its description:

  X-rays ↔️ Create 2D images using electromagnetic radiation

  PET Scans ↔️ Create 3D images using radioactive tracers
• What is the main benefit of internal radiation therapy (brachytherapy)?

  Less impact on surrounding tissues
• Match the type of nuclear radiation with its composition:

  Alpha ↔️ Two protons and two neutrons

  Beta ↔️ Electrons or positrons

  Gamma ↔️ High-energy electromagnetic waves
• All living organisms absorb a constant amount of carbon-14 from the atmosphere.


  True
• What are some historical applications of carbon-14 dating?

  Determining the age of archaeological artifacts
• X-rays produce 3D images of the body.

  False
• What is brachytherapy also known as?

  Internal radiation therapy
• Why is nuclear power considered reliable baseload power?

  It can operate continuously
• Nuclear fuel provides a large amount of energy
• Developing safe methods for storing radioactive waste is crucial for the sustainability of nuclear power.
• Order the steps involved in nuclear power generation:

  1️⃣ Fission of atomic nuclei

  2️⃣ Release of energy

  3️⃣ Generation of electricity
• What type of radiation is used in sterilization processes?

  Gamma radiation
• Match the type of nuclear radiation with its composition:

  Alpha (α) ↔️ Two protons and two neutrons

  Beta (β) ↔️ Electrons or positrons

  Gamma (γ) ↔️ High-energy electromagnetic waves
• Beta particles can be electrons or positrons
• What principle does carbon-14 dating rely on?

  Radioactive decay
• The half-life of carbon-14 is approximately 5,730 years.


  True
• X-rays provide detailed images of soft tissues.

  False
• PET scans use radioactive tracers to produce 3D images showing metabolic activity
• PET scans use positrons emitted by radioactive tracers
• Internal radiation therapy involves placing radioactive material within or near the tumor
• The sustainability of nuclear power depends on effective waste management
• Why are emergency response drills conducted in nuclear facilities?

  Preparedness for accidents
• The future of nuclear power as a sustainable energy source depends on addressing public concerns about its risks.


  True