2.3.2 Neurons and Synaptic Transmission

• Neurons are the fundamental units of the nervous system
• What are the three main types of neurons?

  Sensory, motor, interneurons
• Where are interneurons located within the nervous system?

  Central nervous system
• Dendrites receive signals from other neurons.


  True
• The axon terminal releases neurotransmitters to communicate with other neurons
• The small gap between the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons is called the synaptic cleft
• Synaptic transmission enables complex brain functions
• What type of neuron transmits signals from sensory receptors to the central nervous system?

  Sensory neuron
• Interneurons connect sensory and motor neurons, allowing for information processing and integration
• The myelin sheath speeds up signal transmission in neurons.

  True
• What are neurons also known as?

  Nerve cells
• Match the neuron component with its function:

  Cell Body (Soma) ↔️ Controls neuron's metabolism

  Dendrites ↔️ Receives signals

  Axon ↔️ Transports signals away

  Axon Terminal ↔️ Releases neurotransmitters
• Motor neurons transmit signals from the central nervous system to muscles.


  True
• What is the function of the cell body in a neuron?

  Controls neuron's metabolism
• What is the term for the junction between two neurons where they communicate?

  Synapse
• What happens during neurotransmitter release in synaptic transmission?

  Vesicles fuse with membrane
• Sensory neurons transmit information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system.


  True
• What is the role of motor neurons in the nervous system?

  Transmit signals to muscles
• What is the function of the cell body (soma) in a neuron?

  Controls neuron's metabolism
• What is the main function of a synapse in the nervous system?

  Communication between neurons
• What is the first stage of synaptic transmission?

  Neurotransmitter release
• Which neurotransmitter influences mood, sleep, and appetite?

  Serotonin
• Steps in the process of how neurotransmitters affect receptors

  1️⃣ Neurotransmitter binding

  2️⃣ Ion movement

  3️⃣ Graded potential
• Match the neurotransmitter termination process with its description:

  Reuptake ↔️ Neurotransmitters are taken back into the presynaptic neuron

  Enzyme degradation ↔️ Enzymes break down neurotransmitters
• What type of signals do neurons use to transmit information?

  Electrical and chemical
• Sensory neurons transmit information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system
• Order the steps involved in synaptic transmission:

  1️⃣ Neurotransmitter release

  2️⃣ Receptor binding

  3️⃣ Signal propagation
• What is the primary role of the axon in a neuron?

  Transports signals away
• Match the neuron component with its function:

  Cell Body (Soma) ↔️ Controls metabolism

  Dendrites ↔️ Receives signals

  Axon ↔️ Transports signals away

  Axon Terminal ↔️ Releases neurotransmitters
• Describe the stages of synaptic transmission in order:

  1️⃣ Neurotransmitter release

  2️⃣ Receptor binding

  3️⃣ Signal propagation
• What role do interneurons play in the nervous system?

  Connect sensory and motor neurons
• Interneurons are located entirely within the central nervous system.


  True
• Stages of information processing in the nervous system

  1️⃣ Stimuli detection by sensory neurons

  2️⃣ Information processing by interneurons

  3️⃣ Response generation by motor neurons
• The axon terminal releases neurotransmitters to communicate with other neurons
• Match the synapse component with its function:

  Presynaptic neuron ↔️ Sends neurotransmitters

  Synaptic cleft ↔️ Space where neurotransmitters travel

  Postsynaptic neuron ↔️ Receives neurotransmitters
• Acetylcholine (ACh) is involved in muscle contraction, learning, and memory
• GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that reduces neuronal excitability
• What type of electrical signal is created in the postsynaptic neuron after neurotransmitter binding?

  Graded potential
• Stages of synaptic transmission

  1️⃣ Neurotransmitter release

  2️⃣ Receptor binding

  3️⃣ Signal propagation
• Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter that facilitates learning and memory.

  True