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Edexcel GCSE Mathematics
5. Probability
5.1 Probability Concepts
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Cards (130)
A probability of 0 means the
event
is impossible.
True
A probability of 0 indicates an impossible event.
True
Theoretical probability is based on
mathematical
models.
True
How many main types of probability are there?
Three
What is an example of empirical probability?
Rolling a 6 on a fair die based on many trials
Subjective probability is based on personal judgment, experience, or
beliefs
What is the calculation for empirical probability?
Ratio of favorable outcomes to total outcomes
What does P(A) represent in probability notation?
Probability of event A occurring
A probability of 1 means the event is
certain
Order the likelihood of events based on their probability values from least likely to most likely.
1️⃣ 0 ||| Impossible
2️⃣ 0.25 ||| Unlikely
3️⃣ 0.5 ||| Equally likely to occur or not occur
4️⃣ 0.75 ||| Likely
5️⃣ 1 ||| Certain
Match the type of probability with its definition.
Empirical ↔️ Based on observed data
Theoretical ↔️ Based on mathematical models
Subjective ↔️ Based on personal judgment
Empirical probability is based on
observed
data or experiments.
True
Theoretical probability is calculated using the total number of possible
outcomes
Match the type of probability with its definition, calculation, and example:
Empirical ↔️ Based on observed data ||| Ratio of favorable outcomes to total outcomes ||| Rolling a 6 on a die based on many trials
Theoretical ↔️ Based on mathematical models ||| Total favorable outcomes / Total possible outcomes ||| Rolling a 6 on a fair die is 1/6
Subjective ↔️ Based on personal judgment ||| Not derived from data or models ||| Probability of rain tomorrow based on weather forecast
What is the likelihood of an event based on subjective probability?
Personal judgment
What does P(A') represent in probability notation?
Probability of the complement of event A
Match the notation with its meaning:
P(A) ↔️ Probability of event A occurring
P(A') ↔️ Probability of the complement of event A occurring
The conditional probability of event A given that event B has occurred is denoted as
P
(
A
∣
B
)
P(A \mid B)
P
(
A
∣
B
)
Steps to calculate the probability of dependent events
1️⃣ Calculate the probability of the first event
2️⃣ Calculate the conditional probability of the second event
3️⃣ Multiply the probabilities of both events
Match the event type with its probability formula:
Independent ↔️
P
(
A
and
B
)
=
P(A \text{ and } B) =
P
(
A
and
B
)
=
P
(
A
)
×
P
(
B
)
P(A) \times P(B)
P
(
A
)
×
P
(
B
)
Dependent ↔️
P
(
A
and
B
)
=
P(A \text{ and } B) =
P
(
A
and
B
)
=
P
(
A
∣
B
)
×
P
(
B
)
P(A \mid B) \times P(B)
P
(
A
∣
B
)
×
P
(
B
)
The probability formula for mutually exclusive events is
P
(
A
or
B
)
=
P(A \text{ or } B) =
P
(
A
or
B
)
=
P
(
A
)
+
P(A) +
P
(
A
)
+
P
(
B
)
P(B)
P
(
B
)
A probability of
0
indicates an impossible event.
True
What is the range of values for probability?
0 to 1
How can probability be expressed?
Fraction, decimal, or percentage
Empirical probability is based on observed
data
What is subjective probability based on?
Personal judgment
Empirical probability is calculated as the ratio of favorable outcomes to total
outcomes
Theoretical probability is based on
mathematical
models and calculations.
True
What is an example of theoretical probability?
Probability of rolling a 6 on a fair die is 1/6
Subjective probability is derived from data or mathematical models.
False
What is an example of subjective probability?
Probability of rain tomorrow based on weather forecaster's assessment
What is the calculation for theoretical probability?
Total favorable outcomes / Total possible outcomes
Theoretical probability uses mathematical
models
The value of
P(A)
is always between 0 and 1.
True
A probability of 0 means the
event
is impossible.
True
Empirical probability relies on repeated
experiments
.
True
In probability notation, P(A) denotes the probability of
event
A occurring.
True
P(A') represents the probability that event A does not occur.
True
An event
E
E
E
must be a subset of the sample space S</latex>.
True
Favorable outcomes are the number of ways the desired event can
occur
.
See all 130 cards
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