8.5.3 Gene Cloning and Transformation

• What is the definition of gene cloning?

  Making multiple identical copies
• Match the process with its definition:

  Gene Cloning ↔️ Making multiple copies of a gene

  Transformation ↔️ Inserting foreign DNA into a host cell
• What type of host cell is commonly used in gene cloning?

  Bacteria
• Transforming bacteria with recombinant plasmids requires preparing competent cells
• The purpose of gene cloning is to amplify a specific gene
• Why is gene modification performed in gene cloning?

  To understand gene function
• What does the host bacterial cell replicate when cloning a gene using bacterial plasmids?

  The recombinant plasmid
• Transformation involves inserting foreign DNA into a host cell.


  True
• Order the key steps in gene cloning and transformation:

  1️⃣ Insert gene into vector

  2️⃣ Replicate vector in host cell

  3️⃣ Prepare competent host cells

  4️⃣ Introduce foreign DNA into cells
• Match the process with its purpose:

  Gene Cloning ↔️ Amplify a target gene

  Transformation ↔️ Express genes carried by foreign DNA
• What are two methods used to prepare competent cells for transformation?

  Cold calcium chloride or heat shock
• What is the primary purpose of transformation in molecular biology?

  Express genes carried by foreign DNA
• Transgenic organisms are created by inserting foreign genes into their DNA.


  True
• Cloning a gene using bacterial plasmids allows for the amplification of a specific gene.


  True
• Only transformed bacteria with an antibiotic resistance gene will survive on a medium containing the antibiotic
• What is the purpose of transformation in gene cloning?

  Express foreign DNA
• Gene cloning involves inserting the target gene into a vector
• Cloning a gene using bacterial plasmids allows for the amplification of a specific gene.

  True
• What is the definition of transformation in molecular biology?

  Inserting foreign DNA into a host cell
• Protein production in gene cloning is used to obtain large quantities of proteins for research or therapeutic applications
• The recombinant plasmid containing the target gene is introduced into a host cell through a process called transformation
• What is the purpose of cold calcium chloride in preparing competent cells?

  Creates pores in the cell wall
• What are the two main enzymes used in gene cloning?

  Restriction enzymes and DNA ligase
• Blunt ends created by restriction enzymes are straight cuts without any overhangs
• Match the method for preparing competent cells with its advantage:

  Cold calcium chloride ↔️ Simple, effective

  Heat shock ↔️ Quick, convenient
• Restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific recognition sequences
• In what fields do gene cloning and transformation have significant impacts?

  Medicine, agriculture, research
• Gene cloning involves inserting the target gene into a vector, such as a plasmid
• Protein production is one purpose of gene cloning.


  True
• Order the steps in cloning a gene using bacterial plasmids:

  1️⃣ Isolate the target gene

  2️⃣ Insert the gene into a plasmid

  3️⃣ Transform the plasmid into a host bacterial cell

  4️⃣ Replicate the plasmid in the host cell
• Gene cloning involves making multiple identical copies of a gene
• Arrange the following purposes of gene cloning in the correct order:

  1️⃣ Protein production

  2️⃣ Gene modification

  3️⃣ Transgenic organisms
• Arrange the steps of cloning a gene using bacterial plasmids in the correct order:

  1️⃣ Isolate the target gene

  2️⃣ Insert the gene into a plasmid

  3️⃣ Transform the plasmid into a host bacterial cell

  4️⃣ Replicate the plasmid in the host cell
• Transforming bacteria with recombinant plasmids involves preparing competent cells.
• Transformed bacteria are identified by culturing them on a medium containing an antibiotic.


  True
• What type of bond does DNA ligase form between DNA fragments?

  Phosphodiester bonds
• What is one example of a desirable trait created in crops through transformation?

  Disease resistance
• Sticky ends created by restriction enzymes can base pair with complementary sequences.

  True
• Gene cloning can be used to produce proteins like insulin for therapeutic purposes