1.4 Nervous System

• The nervous system consists of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system, which includes the nerves
• Neurons communicate via structures called synapses
• Which organs make up the central nervous system?

  Brain and spinal cord
• During depolarization, sodium ions rush into the neuron, making the membrane potential positive.

  True
• What does the cerebellum coordinate?

  Motor control and balance
• Neurons receive signals from other neurons through their dendrites
• Nerve impulse transmission involves two phases: depolarization and repolarization.
• The cerebrum controls higher cognitive functions and voluntary movements
• The somatic nervous system is responsible for voluntary control of skeletal muscles
• Mechanoreceptors detect touch, pressure, and sound
• Neurons communicate with each other at synapses
• During depolarization, sodium ions rush into the neuron through ion channels, causing the membrane potential to become positive.


  True
• What ion is responsible for repolarization?

  Potassium
• In a reflex arc, what type of muscle contracts to produce a response?

  Effector muscle
• Alzheimer's disease is characterized by brain cell degeneration.
• What is the primary cause of a stroke?

  Blocked blood supply to the brain
• What is the nervous system defined as?

  Specialized cells and tissues
• What does the dendrite of a neuron do?

  Receives signals
• The peripheral nervous system connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body.


  True
• What are the two main phases of nerve impulse transmission?

  Depolarization and repolarization
• The cerebrum controls sensory perception, higher cognitive functions, and voluntary movements
• What are the three main parts of a neuron?

  Cell body, dendrites, axon
• Neurons communicate with each other at synapses.


  True
• Repolarization occurs when potassium ions exit the neuron.


  True
• What are the two main branches of the nervous system?

  Somatic and autonomic
• What neurotransmitter stimulates muscle contraction?

  Acetylcholine
• What are the organs of the central nervous system?

  Brain and spinal cord
• Nerve impulse transmission involves two main phases: depolarization and repolarization.repolarization
• What happens to the membrane potential during depolarization?

  It becomes positive
• The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions without conscious intervention.

  True
• What neurotransmitter stimulates muscle contraction?

  Acetylcholine
• Order the stages of a reflex arc:

  1️⃣ Sensory receptor detects the stimulus

  2️⃣ Sensory neuron transmits signal to spinal cord

  3️⃣ Interneuron processes signal

  4️⃣ Motor neuron carries signal to effector muscle

  5️⃣ Effector muscle contracts to produce response
• What neurotransmitter is deficient in Parkinson's disease?

  Dopamine
• Neurons have a cell body, dendrites, and an axon.


  True
• Match the part of the neuron with its function:

  Cell Body ↔️ Contains nucleus and organelles

  Dendrites ↔️ Receives signals

  Axon ↔️ Transmits electrical signals

  Synapse ↔️ Allows communication between neurons
• The central nervous system processes information and controls bodily functions
• Order the stages of nerve impulse transmission:

  1️⃣ Depolarization

  2️⃣ Repolarization
• Match the brain region with its function:

  Cerebrum ↔️ Sensory perception, cognition, voluntary movements

  Cerebellum ↔️ Coordinates motor control and balance

  Brainstem ↔️ Regulates vital functions like breathing and heart rate
• What is the function of the axon in a neuron?

  Transmits electrical signals
• What ion moves into the neuron during depolarization?

  $Na^ +$