2.2.1 Historical Development of English

• What does the historical development of English refer to?

  The evolution of English
• Modern English is characterized by a continued growth of vocabulary and diversification of dialects.


  True
• The Viking invasions significantly influenced Old English with vocabulary from Scandinavian languages.


  True
• What cultural influence led to the influx of French vocabulary in Middle English?

  Norman Conquest
• Old English grammar was simple with few cases and genders.

  False
• Which stage of English saw the standardization of spelling and grammar?

  Early Modern English
• What were three regional dialects of Old English?

  Northumbrian, Mercian, West Saxon
• Match the grammar feature with its correct stage:

  Complex with cases ↔️ Old English

  Simplified with fewer endings ↔️ Middle English

  Standardized and fixed ↔️ Early Modern English

  Continued growth and diversification ↔️ Modern English
• Old English (450-1150 AD) was a Germanic language.
• Regional dialects of Old English included Northumbrian, Mercian, and West Saxon.
• How did Early Modern English expand its vocabulary?

  Borrowing and coining new words
• What role did technology play in shaping Modern English?

  Diversification of dialects
• The historical development of English can be divided into four key stages: Old English, Middle English, Early Modern English, and Modern English.
• Old English grammar included four cases and three genders.

  True
• The evolution of English reflects its response to cultural, social, and technological changes.


  True
• What event led to significant changes in Middle English?

  Norman Conquest
• Order the stages of English in chronological order:

  1️⃣ Old English

  2️⃣ Middle English

  3️⃣ Early Modern English

  4️⃣ Modern English
• Middle English saw the emergence of regional dialects
• The Norman Conquest in the 11th century led to a simplification of grammar in Middle English.

  True
• What are the two primary factors influencing Modern English vocabulary growth?

  Globalization and technology
• Middle English had a significant expansion in vocabulary due to French loanwords
• Middle English grammar was more complex than Old English grammar.

  False
• In Middle English, regional dialects began to converge towards a London-based standard.
• The development of literary language in Early Modern English influenced modern standard English.
• The historical stages of English demonstrate its adaptation to cultural, social, and technological changes.
• The stages of English demonstrate its adaptation to cultural, social, and technological changes over time.


  True
• Middle English saw the simplification of grammar
• Old English was a Germanic language with heavy Scandinavian influence.
• Middle English saw a simplification of grammar and a substantial influx of French vocabulary.


  True
• Which period of English featured complex grammar and heavy Scandinavian influence?

  Old English
• What cultural influence led to the simplification of grammar in Middle English?

  French
• Match the period with its social or cultural influence:

  Old English ↔️ Scandinavian influence

  Middle English ↔️ French cultural influence

  Early Modern English ↔️ Global exploration

  Modern English ↔️ Globalization and technology
• Which dialect of Old English served as the basis for the London-based standard in Middle English?

  West Saxon
• What were three new words introduced during the Early Modern English period?

  Algorithm, oxygen, entrepreneur
• The Middle English period saw an influx of loanwords primarily from French
• Which words were introduced during the Early Modern English period?

  Algorithm, oxygen, entrepreneur
• Order the stages of English grammar simplification:

  1️⃣ Old English: Complex grammar

  2️⃣ Middle English: Simplified grammar

  3️⃣ Early Modern English: Standardization

  4️⃣ Modern English: Standardized grammar
• The Norman Conquest led to a simplification of English grammar.


  True
• The Great Vowel Shift during Middle English led to changes in the pronunciation of long vowels
• What are the four main stages of English historical development?

  Old English, Middle English, Early Modern English, Modern English