8.5.2 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

• PCR is a revolutionary technique that allows for the rapid amplification of a specific DNA sequence
• What temperature is used during the denaturation stage of PCR?

  94-96°C
• During annealing, primers bind to the complementary sequences on the single DNA strands
• Deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) provide the necessary building blocks for DNA synthesis
• Match the PCR component with its role:

  Target DNA ↔️ Template

  DNA polymerase ↔️ Synthesis

  Primers ↔️ Initiation
• What happens to DNA during the denaturation step of PCR?

  Separates into single strands
• The three steps of PCR are repeated in cycles, typically 20-40 times, to exponentially amplify the target DNA sequence
• The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a revolutionary technique that allows for the rapid amplification of a specific DNA sequence
• During the denaturation stage of PCR, double-stranded DNA is heated to a temperature of 94-96°C for 30-60 seconds
• Match the component of PCR with its role:

  Target DNA ↔️ Provides the DNA sequence to be amplified

  Primers ↔️ Bind to target DNA to start amplification

  DNA polymerase ↔️ Adds nucleotides to create new DNA strands

  dNTPs ↔️ Provide the nucleotides (A, T, C, G) for DNA synthesis
• The three main steps of PCR are repeated in cycles to exponentially amplify the target DNA sequence.
• What does PCR stand for?

  Polymerase Chain Reaction
• Arrange the stages of PCR in the correct order.

  1️⃣ Denaturation

  2️⃣ Annealing

  3️⃣ Extension
• At what temperature does annealing occur in PCR?

  50-65°C
• The extension stage in PCR occurs at a temperature of 72°C.


  True
• What is the role of primers in PCR?

  Initiate DNA amplification
• In which field is PCR used for diagnosing diseases?

  Medicine
• Arrange the steps of PCR in the correct order as they occur in each cycle.

  1️⃣ Denaturation

  2️⃣ Annealing

  3️⃣ Extension
• Which enzyme extends the primers to synthesize new DNA strands during PCR?

  Taq polymerase
• Arrange the stages of PCR in the correct order.

  1️⃣ Denaturation

  2️⃣ Annealing

  3️⃣ Extension
• Match the stage of PCR with its description:

  Denaturation ↔️ Double-stranded DNA is heated to separate it into single strands

  Annealing ↔️ Primers bind to the complementary sequences on single DNA strands

  Extension ↔️ DNA polymerase extends the primers, synthesizing new DNA strands
• PCR cycles are typically repeated 20-40 times to exponentially amplify the target DNA sequence.

  True
• The denaturation step in PCR involves separating double-stranded DNA into single strands using heat.


  True
• PCR is used in forensic analysis to identify individuals from DNA samples.


  True
• The primary purpose of PCR is to make multiple copies of a target DNA sequence from a small starting amount.

  True
• During denaturation in PCR, double-stranded DNA separates into single strands.


  True
• Which enzyme extends the primers during the extension stage of PCR?

  Taq polymerase
• PCR is used in genetic engineering to clone and manipulate DNA sequences.


  True
• The buffer in PCR maintains pH and other conditions for optimal polymerase activity
• Primers bind to complementary sequences on single-stranded DNA during the annealing step of PCR.


  True
• PCR is used to make multiple copies of a target DNA sequence from a small starting amount.


  True
• The primary purpose of PCR is to make multiple copies of a target DNA sequence from a small starting amount.

  True
• The DNA polymerase used in PCR is typically Taq polymerase.
• Arrange the steps of PCR in the correct order:

  1️⃣ Denaturation

  2️⃣ Annealing

  3️⃣ Extension
• Match the application of PCR with its description:

  Genetic Engineering ↔️ PCR is used to clone and manipulate DNA sequences

  Medicine ↔️ PCR is employed in disease diagnosis and genetic testing