3.2 Migration and Settlement

• The vast, open lands of the American West offered the opportunity for settlers to acquire cheap, fertile farmland
• The belief that it was America's destiny to expand across the continent was called Manifest Destiny
• The Oregon Trail started in Independence, Missouri and ended in Oregon City, Oregon
• The Santa Fe Trail connected Independence, Missouri to Santa Fe, New Mexico
• The belief in Manifest Destiny fueled westward expansion.


  True
• What was Manifest Destiny the belief in?

  American continental expansion
• What natural resources attracted prospectors to the American West?

  Gold and silver
• What were some of the challenges faced by migrants in the American West?

  Harsh environmental conditions
• The California Trail ended in Sacramento, California.


  True
• What was one of the primary motivations for settlers to migrate westward?

  Cheap, fertile farmland
• Order the major migration trails from north to south based on their end destinations:

  1️⃣ Oregon Trail

  2️⃣ California Trail

  3️⃣ Mormon Trail

  4️⃣ Santa Fe Trail
• Prospectors sought gold, silver, and natural resources
• Settlers sought cheap, fertile farmland to establish new homes and communities
• What type of weather conditions did migrants face during their westward journey?

  Extreme conditions
• The Mormons migrated westward to escape religious persecution.


  True
• Match the major migration routes with their destinations:

  Oregon Trail ↔️ Oregon City, Oregon

  California Trail ↔️ Sacramento, California

  Mormon Trail ↔️ Salt Lake City, Utah

  Santa Fe Trail ↔️ Santa Fe, New Mexico
• Where did the Mormon Trail begin?

  Nauvoo, Illinois
• Groups like the Mormons migrated west to escape religious persecution
• Match the motivations for westward migration with their corresponding descriptions:

  Land Availability ↔️ Opportunity for cheap farmland

  Economic Opportunities ↔️ Discovery of natural resources

  Religious Freedom ↔️ Escape from persecution

  Manifest Destiny ↔️ Belief in continental expansion
• What was the primary cause of deforestation during westward migration?

  Establishing farms and towns
• What was the belief in Manifest Destiny used to justify?

  Continental expansion
• The vast, open lands of the American West offered the opportunity for settlers to acquire cheap, fertile farmland
• Match the migrant group with their primary motivation:

  Settlers ↔️ Cheap, fertile farmland

  Prospectors ↔️ Discovery of natural resources

  Religious Groups (e.g., Mormons) ↔️ Escape religious persecution
• Encounters with Native American tribes often led to skirmishes over land and resources.

  True
• What was a devastating consequence of westward migration for Native American tribes?

  Displacement
• The spread of measles to Native Americans, combined with violence, led to the decimation of many tribal populations
• Match the reason for migration with its description:

  Land Availability ↔️ Opportunity to acquire cheap farmland

  Economic Opportunities ↔️ Discovery of gold and silver

  Religious Freedom ↔️ Escape religious persecution

  Manifest Destiny ↔️ Belief in American expansion
• Which religious group migrated westward to escape persecution?

  Mormons
• Migration routes connected the eastern United States to the western territories

  True
• What was the main goal of settlers migrating westward?

  Cheap, fertile farmland
• Which type of terrain demanded immense physical endurance from migrants?

  Mountains
• What was the main environmental consequence of overhunting during westward migration?

  Threat to bison populations
• Agriculture was a key economic activity in farming communities


  True
• Farming communities relied on crop cultivation and livestock raising
• Railways and roads boosted trade and mobility in the American West.


  True
• The Cherokee, Choctaw, and Navajo tribes were forcibly relocated to reservations.


  True
• Order the impacts of westward expansion on Native American tribes:

  1️⃣ Displacement from ancestral lands

  2️⃣ Conflicts over land and resources

  3️⃣ Spread of diseases like smallpox

  4️⃣ Decimation of tribal populations
• Women played vital roles in shaping new communities during westward expansion.


  True
• The federal government managed westward expansion by negotiating treaties and establishing reservations.


  True
• What is a primary source in historical studies?

  Firsthand accounts