4.1.1 Liberalism

• Limited government in liberalism aims to prevent the encroachment on individual rights and freedoms
• Match the previous political system with its contrasting liberal idea:

  Absolutist Monarchies ↔️ Limited Government

  Feudalism ↔️ Individual Rights

  Hereditary Privilege ↔️ Equality of Opportunity
• The rule of law in liberalism ensures that all citizens, including those in power, are accountable under the law.


  True
• Match the type of liberty with its focus:

  Negative Liberty ↔️ Freedom from external constraints

  Positive Liberty ↔️ Access to resources and opportunities
• What does individual freedom refer to in liberalism?

  Right to make own choices
• Equality of opportunity means everyone has equal outcomes regardless of effort.

  False
• What are the key principles of liberalism?

  Individual freedom, limited government, rule of law, equality of opportunity
• What document typically protects individual rights in a liberal system?

  Constitution
• Liberals believe the state's power should be restricted to protect individual rights.

  True
• Which political ideology supports extensive state control of the economy and society?

  Socialism
• What is a key difference between classical liberalism and modern liberalism in their economic views?

  Government regulation
• Globalization has been criticized for undermining national sovereignty under liberal principles.


  True
• The focus on individual rights and freedoms can undermine collective responsibility
• Stronger social welfare policies have been proposed to reduce inequality
• What is liberalism as a political ideology?

  Emphasis on individual freedom
• Absolutist monarchies contrasted with liberalism's emphasis on limited government.
• Order the two types of liberty based on their focus:

  1️⃣ Negative Liberty: Freedom from external constraints

  2️⃣ Positive Liberty: Access to resources and opportunities
• Liberals believe that both negative and positive liberty are essential for individual flourishing
• Match the ideology with its view of the state's role:

  Liberalism ↔️ Limited government to protect individual rights

  Conservatism ↔️ Minimal state intervention, emphasis on tradition

  Socialism ↔️ Extensive state control of the economy

  Fascism ↔️ Highly authoritarian state with total control
• Liberals believe that a free market economy with minimal government intervention is the best way to protect individual rights and freedoms.


  True
• Classical liberalism emphasizes maximum individual freedom, while modern liberalism focuses on social and economic equality
• Modern liberals recognize the need to balance individual freedoms with greater social and economic equality
• The rule of law in liberalism ensures that all citizens, including those in power, are accountable under the law.

  True
• Liberalism sought to create a society where individuals could pursue their own interests and participate in governance
• What does individual freedom in liberalism emphasize?

  Freedom from undue interference
• Limited government in liberalism aims to prevent the encroachment on individual rights and freedoms.


  True
• The principle of limited government restricts the powers of the state
• Liberalism emerged as a reaction against absolutist monarchies and feudal systems.
• Match the previous political systems with their corresponding liberal ideas:

  Absolutist Monarchies ↔️ Limited Government

  Feudalism ↔️ Individual Rights

  Hereditary Privilege ↔️ Equality of Opportunity
• Individual liberty is closely linked to individual rights.
• Negative liberty focuses on freedom *from* external constraints.
• Match the political ideology with its view of the state's role:

  Liberalism ↔️ Limited government to protect rights

  Conservatism ↔️ Minimal state intervention, tradition

  Socialism ↔️ Extensive state control

  Fascism ↔️ Highly authoritarian state
• The rule of law ensures that the government is accountable under the law.


  True
• Critics argue that liberals' emphasis on equality of opportunity does not address social and economic inequalities.
• Liberals emphasize equality of opportunity
• Globalization has been criticized for enabling corporate power and undermining national sovereignty.


  True
• Balancing individual liberty with communitarian values is a proposed reform to address challenges to liberalism.

  True
• Match the key liberal ideas with their explanations:

  Individual Freedom ↔️ Individuals can make choices without government interference

  Limited Government ↔️ State power should be restricted

  Rule of Law ↔️ All citizens are accountable under the law

  Equality of Opportunity ↔️ Everyone has equal chances to succeed
• Who are two key liberal thinkers who argued for the rule of law?

  John Locke and Montesquieu
• What is the difference between negative and positive liberty?

  Freedom from vs. freedom to