2.3.2 Potential Difference and Resistance

• Potential Difference is the difference in electrical potential between two points in a circuit
• Potential difference is the effect, while resistance is the cause in a circuit.

  False
• Resistance opposes the flow of electric current in a circuit.


  True
• Current is directly proportional to potential difference and inversely proportional to resistance
• Ohm's Law describes the relationship between potential difference, current, and resistance
• Why is Ohm's Law a crucial principle in electrical circuits?

  Predicts circuit behavior
• The cross-sectional area of a conductor is inversely proportional to its resistance.


  True
• Resistance is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area
• Match the concept with its effect in a circuit:

  Potential Difference ↔️ Drives Current

  Resistance ↔️ Impedes Current
• Potential difference is the driving force that causes electric current
• Resistance is the opposition to the flow of electric current in a circuit
• Ohm's Law describes the relationship between potential difference, current, and resistance
• Why is Ohm's Law crucial in understanding electrical circuits?

  Predicts circuit behavior
• Potential difference is directly proportional to current and resistance according to Ohm's Law.


  True
• Materials with higher electrical resistivity have greater resistance
• The formula for calculating resistance is $R =$$\rho \frac{L}{A}$, where ρ is the resistivity
• What is the definition of potential difference in a circuit?

  Electrical potential difference
• Resistance is the opposition to the flow of electric current
• Materials with higher electrical resistivity offer greater resistance
• What is the formula for electrical power in a circuit?

  $P =$$IV$
• What two electrical quantities are directly proportional to electrical power?

  Current and potential difference
• Current is directly proportional to the potential difference and inversely proportional to the resistance
• To calculate voltage using Ohm's Law, the formula is $V =$$IR$, where V is voltage, I is current, and R is resistance
• If a current of 0.5A flows through a 10Ω resistor, what is the voltage drop across the resistor?

  5 V
• Current is inversely proportional to resistance.


  True
• Potential difference is measured in volts
• Resistance is measured in ohms
• What is the formula for potential difference in Ohm's Law?

  $V =$$IR$
• Order the factors affecting resistance based on their impact:

  1️⃣ Material
• Current is directly proportional to potential difference and inversely proportional to resistance
• How does the length of a conductor affect its resistance?

  Longer length increases resistance
• Resistance is directly proportional to length and resistivity of a conductor.


  True
• Potential difference is measured in volts (V) and is the driving force for current flow.


  True
• What three quantities are related in Ohm's Law?

  Potential difference, current, resistance
• What happens to resistance as the length of a conductor increases?

  Resistance increases
• Electrical power is directly proportional to both current and potential difference
• Higher resistance in a circuit results in higher power dissipation
• Ohm's Law states that current equals potential difference divided by resistance.


  True
• What is the current in a 5Ω resistor connected to a 12V battery?

  2.4 A
• A 12V battery is connected to a 5Ω resistor. The resulting current is 2.4 A