5.2.3 Evolution

• What is the definition of evolution in biology?

  Gradual change in heritable traits
• Evolution is a process that occurs overnight.

  False
• Natural selection starts with natural variation within a population.
• What is one of the primary mechanisms of evolution that introduces new variations in a population?

  Mutation
• What are the key aspects of evolution in biological populations?

  Gradual change over generations
• Evolution affects individual organisms, not populations.

  False
• Natural selection leads to populations becoming better adapted to their environment over time.


  True
• Match the example of evolution with its population and environmental change:

  Peppered Moth ↔️ Industrial pollution

  Drug-Resistant Bacteria ↔️ Widespread antibiotic use
• Macroevolution occurs over shorter timescales compared to microevolution.

  False
• Heritable traits are passed from parents to offspring
• Birds with longer beaks in tall plant areas have a better chance of reaching food
• The main mechanisms that drive evolution include mutation, genetic recombination, gene flow, and genetic drift.


  True
• Gene flow introduces new variations into a population.


  True
• What environmental change led to the spread of drug-resistant bacteria?

  Widespread antibiotic use
• Microevolution occurs over shorter timescales than macroevolution.


  True
• Understanding the difference between microevolution and macroevolution is crucial for grasping evolutionary processes.


  True
• What do similarities in DNA and protein sequences indicate about species?

  Genetic links
• Which unit of biology does evolution affect?

  Populations
• Adaptations make individuals better suited to their environment.

  True
• Genetic recombination occurs during sexual reproduction.
• What is an example of evolution in action mentioned in the study material?

  Evolution of giraffe necks
• Key steps in natural selection

  1️⃣ Variation

  2️⃣ Adaptation

  3️⃣ Survival

  4️⃣ Inheritance
• Genetic drift reduces genetic diversity
• Darwin's finches adapted to changes in food availability
• Microevolution involves changes in allele frequencies
• The evolution of giraffe necks is an example of natural selection.


  True
• What is the term for variations that make individuals better suited to their environment?

  Adaptation
• The advantageous traits are passed on to offspring, increasing their prevalence in the population
• What effect do mutations have on variation within a population?

  Create new variations
• What is the effect of genetic drift on genetic diversity within a population?

  Reduces diversity
• Match the evolutionary example with its adaptation:

  Darwin's finches ↔️ Beak shape

  Drug-resistant bacteria ↔️ Antibiotic resistance

  Peppered moth ↔️ Coloration
• What is an example of microevolution?

  Antibiotic resistance in bacteria
• What does the fossil record show evidence of over time?

  Progressive changes in organisms
• Observing evolution in real-time demonstrates adaptation to changing environments
• Evolution results from alterations in the genetic material, also known as DNA
• What is the main principle of the Theory of Natural Selection?

  Survival and reproduction of favorable traits
• Steps in the process of natural selection

  1️⃣ Variation within a population

  2️⃣ Adaptation to the environment

  3️⃣ Survival and reproduction

  4️⃣ Inheritance of advantageous traits
• Genetic drift can lead to a loss of genetic diversity in a population.


  True
• Evolution typically takes place over many generations
• The offspring of longer-necked giraffes also tend to have longer necks