3.2.7.2 Postmodernity

• Match the characteristics of modernity with their postmodern contrasts:

  Grand narratives ↔️ Decline of grand narratives

  Belief in progress ↔️ Emphasis on diversity

  Unified identities ↔️ Fragmentation of identity

  Faith in science ↔️ Skepticism towards objectivity
• Postmodernity marks a shift away from the unifying principles of modernity.

  True
• What did Jean-François Lyotard argue about grand narratives?

  They have declined
• Jacques Derrida developed deconstruction to challenge the stability of language and meaning.


  True
• Which postmodern thinker argued for the decline of grand narratives and the rise of fragmented knowledge?

  Jean-François Lyotard
• Which postmodern thinker proposed a rhizomatic view of society, rejecting hierarchies and linear thinking?

  Gilles Deleuze
• What is the postmodern concept that refers to the pervasive monitoring of individuals to shape and control behavior?

  Surveillance
• In postmodernity, there is skepticism towards scientific objectivity
• What is a key feature of postmodern society in contrast to the emphasis on grand narratives in modernity?

  Decline of grand narratives
• What unifying principles and narratives have postmodern theorists argued are no longer dominant in contemporary society?

  Grand narratives
• What is the central idea of postmodernism regarding deviance?

  Social construct
• What is deconstruction in the context of postmodernism?

  Challenging social definitions
• What is one major critique of postmodernism regarding its lack of objectivity?

  Undermines reliable claims
• Arrange the key differences between modernity and postmodernity in sociological theory.

  1️⃣ Emphasis on grand narratives vs. decline of grand narratives

  2️⃣ Belief in progress vs. skepticism towards progress

  3️⃣ Stable identities vs. fragmented identities

  4️⃣ Faith in science vs. skepticism towards scientific objectivity
• Postmodernity refers to the social, economic, and cultural conditions that emerged after the mid-20th century, in contrast to the earlier period of modernity
• Match the postmodern thinker with their key contribution:

  Jean-François Lyotard ↔️ Decline of grand narratives

  Michel Foucault ↔️ Role of power in knowledge

  Jacques Derrida ↔️ Developed deconstruction

  Jean Baudrillard ↔️ Theorized the hyperreal
• Who developed the method of deconstruction in postmodern theory?

  Jacques Derrida
• Michel Foucault emphasized the role of power in shaping knowledge and social structures.

  True
• Match the sociological theory with its explanation of deviance:

  Functionalism ↔️ Deviance strengthens social norms

  Marxism ↔️ Deviance arises from economic inequality

  Postmodernism ↔️ Deviance is a social construct
• Postmodernity emerged after the mid-20th century in contrast to modernity.


  True
• What do postmodern theorists argue has happened to the social world, moving away from the unifying principles of modernity?

  It has become fragmented
• Michel Foucault emphasized the role of power in shaping knowledge and social structures.
• What is the term for the pervasive monitoring of individuals to shape and control deviant behavior?

  Surveillance
• Postmodern theorists believe that the social world is becoming more unified and less diverse.

  False
• Hyperreality in postmodernism refers to the merging of reality and simulation
• The postmodern emphasis on diversity and pluralism is criticized for leading to moral and cultural relativism
• Match each major postmodern thinker with their key contribution:

  Jean-François Lyotard ↔️ Decline of grand narratives

  Michel Foucault ↔️ Role of power in knowledge

  Jacques Derrida ↔️ Developed deconstruction
• Postmodern theorists argue that the social world has become more complex, diverse, and fragmented.


  True
• In postmodern society, there is an emphasis on diversity, pluralism, and relativism
• Michel Foucault emphasized the role of power in shaping knowledge and social structures
• Jean Baudrillard theorized the concept of the hyperreal
• Jacques Derrida developed a method called deconstruction
• Postmodernism challenges traditional definitions of deviance by highlighting their social construction
• What is a key difference between modernity and postmodernity in terms of grand narratives?

  Decline of grand narratives
• Postmodern society is characterized by diversity, pluralism, and relativism.


  True
• Match the postmodern theory with its key concept:

  Functionalism ↔️ Social order

  Marxism ↔️ Class conflict

  Postmodernism ↔️ Hyperreality
• Functionalism explains deviance as strengthening social norms and promoting social cohesion
• Arrange the key concepts of postmodern perspectives on deviance in alphabetical order.

  1️⃣ Deconstruction

  2️⃣ Hyperreality

  3️⃣ Surveillance
• Match each sociological theory with its explanation of deviance:

  Functionalism ↔️ Strengthens social norms

  Marxism ↔️ Arises from economic inequality

  Postmodernism ↔️ Social construct of power
• Critical realism and structuration theory offer more objective frameworks for understanding the social world than postmodernism.


  True