8.5.1 Principles of Genetic Engineering

• A plasmid is an example of a vector used in genetic engineering


  True
• Match the term with its definition:

  Genetic Engineering ↔️ Direct manipulation of genes

  Recombinant DNA Technology ↔️ Combining DNA from different sources

  Restriction Enzymes ↔️ Cut DNA at specific sequences

  Ligase ↔️ Joins DNA fragments together
• Steps involved in recombinant DNA technology

  1️⃣ Cut DNA with restriction enzymes

  2️⃣ Insert desired gene into a vector

  3️⃣ Ligate DNA fragments together

  4️⃣ Introduce modified DNA into host organism
• In SCNT, the nucleus of an egg cell is removed, leaving behind the cytoplasm
• What does recombinant DNA technology involve?

  Combining DNA from different sources
• Steps in recombinant DNA technology

  1️⃣ Cut DNA using restriction enzymes

  2️⃣ Insert the desired gene into a vector

  3️⃣ Ligate the DNA strands using ligase

  4️⃣ Introduce the modified DNA into a host
• Match the term with its definition:

  Vector ↔️ A carrier for transferring DNA

  Phenotype ↔️ Observable traits of an organism

  Ligase ↔️ Enzyme that joins DNA fragments
• Restriction enzymes recognize and cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences
• What is one medical application of recombinant DNA technology?

  Insulin production
• Ongoing public dialogue is essential to navigate ethical issues in genetic engineering.

  True
• Restriction enzymes are used to cut DNA at specific sequences
• The observable characteristics of an organism are known as its phenotype
• Restriction enzymes recognize and cut DNA at specific sites
• The most common cloning technique is somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)


  True
• Match the genetic engineering technique with its mechanism:

  Transformation ↔️ Direct uptake of DNA

  Transduction ↔️ Transfer of DNA via viral vectors

  Conjugation ↔️ Transfer of DNA via cell-to-cell contact
• Restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific sequences.


  True
• Ligase is an enzyme that joins DNA fragments
• Plasmids are used as vectors to carry genes into host organisms.


  True
• Steps in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) for cloning

  1️⃣ Enucleation

  2️⃣ Nuclear Transfer

  3️⃣ Stimulation

  4️⃣ Implantation
• Transformation involves direct DNA uptake using plasmids
• Ethical considerations in genetic engineering include unintended consequences, issues around equity, and concerns over environmental impact
• What is genetic engineering?

  Manipulation of an organism's genes
• What enzyme joins DNA fragments together?

  Ligase
• What is the structure of DNA?

  Double-helix
• What is a vector in genetic engineering?

  Carrier for transferring DNA
• What stimulates cell division in SCNT?

  Electric pulse
• Genetic engineering is the direct manipulation of an organism's genes to modify its phenotype.phenotype
• What do restriction enzymes recognize and cut DNA at?

  Specific sequences
• What is the structure of DNA?

  Double-helix
• What does cloning create genetically identical copies of?

  Organisms
• Transduction uses viral vectors to transfer DNA.


  True
• Match the application with its advantage:

  Herbicide-resistant crops ↔️ Enhanced crop yields

  Gene therapy ↔️ Potential for long-term cures

  Bioplastic production ↔️ Environmentally sustainable