3.2.4 Respiration

• Anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen
• Anaerobic respiration yields more energy than aerobic respiration

  False
• Anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast produces ethanol and carbon dioxide
• CO2 detectors are effective in fermentation studies
• In a respiration experiment, the organism being measured is introduced into the experimental setup
• What are the two main types of respiration?

  Aerobic and anaerobic
• Aerobic respiration yields more energy than anaerobic respiration.


  True
• Anaerobic respiration occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.


  True
• CO2 detectors are particularly useful in fermentation
• What is the formula for calculating the aerobic respiration rate?

  \frac{\Delta O_2}{\Delta t}</latex>
• Anaerobic respiration rate can be calculated using the change in carbon dioxide or ethanol
• What is the formula for calculating the aerobic respiration rate using oxygen?

  ΔO_2 / Δt</latex>
• Which type of respiration is affected by oxygen concentration?

  Aerobic
• Fluctuations in environmental variables such as temperature can affect the accuracy of respiration rates
• What are the products of anaerobic respiration in animals?

  Lactic acid + energy
• Match the feature with the type of respiration it applies to:

  Requires oxygen ↔️ Aerobic Respiration

  Low energy yield ↔️ Anaerobic Respiration
• CO₂ detectors are especially useful in fermentation studies
• The spirometer is advantageous because it tracks both oxygen and carbon dioxide
• Ethanol detectors are only useful for organisms that produce ethanol
• What is the formula for calculating aerobic respiration rate?

  $\Delta O_{2} / \Delta t$
• Control experiments without the organism are essential to account for background changes in gas concentrations
• Why is optimal pH necessary for respiration?

  Enzyme activity
• A well-structured report for a respiration experiment should include an introduction, materials and methods, results, discussion, and conclusion
• Respiration is the process by which organisms break down glucose
• Match the type of respiration with its products in animals:

  Aerobic ↔️ Carbon dioxide, water, energy

  Anaerobic ↔️ Lactic acid, energy
• What are the reactants of anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast?

  Glucose
• What does a spirometer measure in aerobic respiration?

  Oxygen consumption and CO2 production
• Match the equipment with its primary use:

  Spirometer ↔️ Measures breathing volumes and rates

  CO2 detector ↔️ Measures carbon dioxide production

  Ethanol detector ↔️ Detects ethanol in anaerobic respiration
• Why is it important to repeat respiration experiments with different variables?

  To investigate factors affecting respiration
• Aerobic respiration requires oxygen
• Aerobic respiration takes place in the mitochondria
• Match the equipment with its use in measuring respiration rates:

  Spirometer ↔️ Measures oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production

  Oxygen Sensors ↔️ Measures oxygen concentration in a closed system

  CO2 Detectors ↔️ Measures carbon dioxide production in fermentation studies

  Ethanol Detectors ↔️ Detects ethanol produced by yeast or bacteria
• Oxygen sensors can measure both oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production.

  False
• The anaerobic respiration rate can be calculated using changes in carbon dioxide or ethanol
• What is the formula for calculating the anaerobic respiration rate using carbon dioxide?

  $ΔCO_{2} / Δt$
• Higher temperatures increase respiration rates until enzymes are denatured
• Match the factor with its effect on respiration rate:

  Temperature ↔️ Increases until enzyme denaturation

  Substrate Concentration ↔️ Increases until saturation

  Oxygen Concentration ↔️ Accelerates aerobic respiration until saturation

  pH ↔️ Requires optimal levels for enzyme activity
• What is an example of a procedural error in respiration experiments?

  Varying mixing speeds
• Anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast produces ethanol, carbon dioxide, and energy
• What piece of equipment is used to measure both oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production in aerobic respiration?

  Spirometer