3.2.7.1 Modernity

• Secularization refers to the reduction in religious influence in social affairs.


  True
• Rationality in modernity emphasizes logic and reason over traditional beliefs.


  True
• What does individualism emphasize in modernity?

  Personal autonomy
• Durkheim argued that the division of labor leads to increased specialization and interdependence between individuals and groups
• According to Durkheim, modernity is characterized by increased specialization and interdependence due to the division
• Match Durkheim's and Weber's key concepts with their descriptions:

  Division of labor ↔️ Increased specialization and interdependence

  Rationalization ↔️ Scientific thinking replacing tradition

  Organic solidarity ↔️ Functional interdependence in modernity
• Weber believed that rationalization could lead to an iron cage of bureaucracy
• In modernity, knowledge is approached through rational and universal truths
• Durkheim argued that social integration in modernity shifts from mechanical solidarity to organic solidarity
• What is a significant characteristic of modernity related to occupations?

  Division of labor
• What is the basis of organic solidarity?

  Functional interdependence
• What is Weber's key concept for modernity?

  Rationalization
• Match the thinker with their key concept and emphasis:

  Durkheim ↔️ Division of labor, Social cohesion

  Weber ↔️ Rationalization, Individual freedom
• Marx believed that capitalism would eventually lead to a socialist, classless society.


  True
• How did urbanization change crime patterns in modernity?

  Increased petty crimes
• What historical events characterize the beginning of modernity?

  Industrial Revolution and Enlightenment
• Individualism in modernity emphasizes personal autonomy and self-reliance
• Modernity involves a reduction in religious influence known as secularization
• Belief in ongoing social and technological advancement is a characteristic of modernity.

  True
• What type of morality did Durkheim believe replaced traditional religious morality in modernity?

  Secular morality
• Durkheim argued that modernity involves a shift from mechanical solidarity to organic solidarity.


  True
• What is the key process in Weber's view of modernity that emphasizes scientific and logical thinking?

  Rationalization
• Weber emphasized the disenchantment and alienation that can arise from the increasing dominance of rationality in modern societies.


  True
• Rationality in modernity emphasizes logic and reason over traditional beliefs.


  True
• Match the type of solidarity with its basis in society:

  Mechanical solidarity ↔️ Shared beliefs

  Organic solidarity ↔️ Functional interdependence
• Modernity involves a shift from mechanical solidarity to organic solidarity
• Durkheim believed that modernity could lead to increased individualism but also new forms of social integration
• Weber saw rationalization as both an opportunity and a threat
• What is Marx's defining feature of modernity?

  Capitalist mode of production
• What is a positive consequence of modernity related to technology?

  Technological advancements
• Technological advancements led to new crimes such as cybercrime.


  True
• Modernity is characterized by significant social transformations arising from the Industrial Revolution and the Enlightenment
• What is one of the key values of modernity?

  Progress
• Order the stages of social integration according to Durkheim's view:

  1️⃣ Mechanical solidarity

  2️⃣ Organic solidarity
• What social transformations did Durkheim believe modernity was both a cause and consequence of?

  Industrialization and the Enlightenment
• What type of morality does Durkheim believe replaces traditional religious morality in modernity?

  Secular morality
• What are the three key features of modernity according to its definition?

  Rationality, secularization, individualism
• What does secularization refer to in the context of modernity?

  Reduction in religious influence
• What is one of the primary characteristics of modernity according to Durkheim?

  Division of labor
• Mechanical solidarity is based on functional interdependence.

  False