8.3. Laws of Thermodynamics

• What principle does the First Law of Thermodynamics establish about energy?

  Conservation of energy
• What is the primary concept of the Second Law of Thermodynamics?

  Entropy increase
• What does the Second Law of Thermodynamics state about the irreversibility of natural processes?

  They are irreversible
• What does the Third Law of Thermodynamics imply about reaching absolute zero in a finite number of steps?

  It is impossible
• What does the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics state about thermal equilibrium?

  It is transitive
• The change in a system's internal energy is equal to the work done on the system plus the heat added
• Processes that increase entropy occur spontaneously
• The Third Law of Thermodynamics states that entropy approaches a constant as a system approaches absolute zero
• Match the laws of thermodynamics with their key concepts:

  First Law ↔️ Conservation of energy

  Second Law ↔️ Entropy increase

  Third Law ↔️ Entropy at absolute zero
• The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics defines thermal equilibrium as transitive
• The First Law of Thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created but can be destroyed.

  False
• Many natural processes are reversible without any changes in the surroundings.

  False
• The entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero is zero.


  True