8.2. Ideal Gases

• Gas particles in an ideal gas are assumed to have negligible volume


  True
• What does Boyle's Law state?

  P and V are inversely proportional
• What does Charles's Law state?

  V and T are directly proportional
• What does Avogadro's Law state?

  Equal volumes contain equal molecules
• For a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure, the volume and absolute temperature are directly proportional
• Avogadro's Law states that equal volumes of all gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules
• What three gas laws are combined to form the Combined Gas Law?

  Boyle's, Charles's, Avogadro's
• What is a theoretical gas that obeys the kinetic theory of gases called?

  Ideal gas
• Boyle's Law states that for a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature, the pressure and volume are inversely proportional
• Doubling the pressure of a gas at constant temperature will double its volume according to Boyle's Law.

  False
• In Boyle's Law, the temperature of the gas must remain constant.

  True
• Mathematically, Charles's Law can be expressed as \frac{V_1}{T_1} = \frac{V_2}{T_2}
• Order the steps to apply Charles's Law to a problem:

  1️⃣ Identify initial volume, initial temperature, and final temperature

  2️⃣ Convert temperatures to Kelvin

  3️⃣ Apply the formula \(\frac{V_1}{T_1} = \frac{V_2}{T_2}\)

  4️⃣ Solve for the final volume
• One mole of any gas occupies 22.4 liters at standard temperature and pressure (STP).

  True
• One mole of any gas occupies 22.4 liters at STP.


  True
• Steps to derive the Combined Gas Law

  1️⃣ State Boyle's Law: \(P_1V_1 = P_2V_2\)

  2️⃣ State Charles's Law: \(\frac{V_1}{T_1} = \frac{V_2}{T_2}\)

  3️⃣ Divide Boyle's Law by Charles's Law: \(\frac{P_1V_1}{T_1} = \frac{P_2V_2}{T_2}\)
• What does the Gas Constant (R) relate in the Ideal Gas Law?

  Pressure, Volume, Moles, Temperature
• In the Ideal Gas Law, the gas constant (R) has a value of 8.314 J/(mol·K), which is used when pressure is in Pascals
• Intermolecular forces exist between particles in an ideal gas.

  False
• Boyle's Law states that for a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure, the volume and temperature are inversely proportional.

  False
• Charles's Law is mathematically expressed as \(\frac{V_1}{T_1} = \frac{V_2}{T_2}\), where T represents absolute temperature.
• Avogadro's Law is mathematically expressed as \(V \propto n\), where n represents the number of moles.
• The Combined Gas Law is derived by combining Boyle's Law, Charles's Law, and Dalton's Law.

  False
• The Combined Gas Law relates two different states of the same gas using the equation \(\frac{P_1V_1}{T_1} = \frac{P_2V_2}{T_2}\)


  True
• Match the gas law with its relationship and condition:

  Boyle's Law ↔️ \(P \propto \frac{1}{V}\), Constant T

  Charles's Law ↔️ \(V \propto T\), Constant P

  Avogadro's Law ↔️ \(V \propto n\), Constant T and P

  Combined Gas Law ↔️ \(\frac{PV}{T}\), Fixed mass
• The Ideal Gas Law is expressed as \(PV = nRT\)

  True
• The Ideal Gas Law relates pressure, volume, number of moles, gas constant, and absolute temperature using the equation pV = nRT
• The Ideal Gas Law can be used to calculate any of its variables if the others are known.
• What is an ideal gas in physics?

  A theoretical gas
• What type of collisions occur between particles in an ideal gas?

  Elastic
• Mathematically, Boyle's Law can be expressed as P_1V_1 = P_2V_2
• In an ideal gas, intermolecular forces are assumed to be negligible
• Boyle's Law applies when the temperature is constant

  True
• In Charles's Law, temperature must be in Kelvin


  True
• In Avogadro's Law, the volume is directly proportional to the number of moles


  True
• What is the formula that expresses the direct proportionality between volume and absolute temperature at constant pressure?

  $\frac{V_{1}}{T_{1}} =$$\frac{V_{2}}{T_{2}}$
• What is the mathematical expression for Avogadro's Law?

  $V \propto n$
• The Combined Gas Law relates the pressure, volume, and absolute temperature
• Which of the following assumptions are made by the kinetic theory of gases for an ideal gas?

  ✅ Particles have negligible volume

  ✅ No intermolecular forces exist

  ✅ Elastic collisions occur

  ❌ Particles are stationary

  ❌ Intermolecular forces are strong
• What is the formula for Boyle's Law?

  $P_{1}V_{1} =$$P_{2}V_{2}$