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3.2 Arguments Relating to the Existence of God
3.2.1 Ontological Arguments
3.2.1.4 Critiques of Ontological Arguments
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Cards (28)
The ontological argument relies on empirical evidence.
False
What does the ontological argument define God as in its first premise?
Greatest possible being
Existence is considered a perfection in the ontological
argument
.
True
Why does the ontological argument claim that existence in reality is superior to existence in mind?
It is more perfect
Gaunilo argued that the ontological argument could "prove" the existence of any imaginary perfect being.
True
If something exists only in the mind, it is not the greatest possible
being
Gaunilo's perfect island analogy demonstrates the flaw in deducing existence from
definition
Why does Kant view the ontological argument as a tautological argument?
It assumes God's existence
The critiques of the ontological argument do not definitively prove that God cannot
exist
One of the main premises of the ontological argument is that God is the greatest possible
being
The ontological argument claims that existence is a form of
perfection
What example did Gaunilo use to critique the ontological argument?
Perfect island
Existence is considered a perfection in the
ontological argument
.
True
Who proposed the critique of the ontological argument using the perfect island analogy?
Gaunilo
Immanuel Kant argued that existence cannot be considered a
predicate
What is the key criticism of the ontological argument presented by Gaunilo?
Perfect island analogy
The ontological argument attempts to logically deduce God's existence without relying on empirical
evidence
What is the premise defining God in the ontological argument?
God is the greatest possible being
The ontological argument relies on empirical evidence to prove God's existence.
False
What is the term for Gaunilo's critique that reduces the ontological argument to an absurd conclusion?
Reductio ad absurdum
Match Kant's critiques with their descriptions:
Existence as a predicate ↔️ Existence does not add new information to a concept
Tautological argument ↔️ The ontological argument assumes God's existence
The ontological argument attempts to prove God's existence based solely on the definition or concept of
God
If something exists only in the mind, according to the ontological argument, it is not the greatest possible
being
The conclusion of the ontological argument is that
God exists
.
True
Who challenged the ontological argument using the example of a perfect island?
Gaunilo
What is the conclusion of the ontological argument regarding God's existence?
God exists
Gaunilo argued that defining a being as perfect necessitates its existence in reality.
False
Kant believed that existence adds new characteristics to a concept.
False