2.5 Investigative Techniques

• Who was responsible for the infamous "Jack the Ripper" murders in Whitechapel?

  Unknown
• The Metropolitan Police Force was established in 1829.


  True
• What were the investigative methods available to police in Whitechapel during the late 19th century limited by?

  Lack of technology and systematic practices
• What was the primary limitation of forensic science in Whitechapel during the late 19th century?

  Lack of scientific rigor
• Order the following forensic techniques by their development over time:

  1️⃣ Eyewitness Testimony

  2️⃣ Photography

  3️⃣ Fingerprinting

  4️⃣ Ballistics

  5️⃣ Toxicology
• High unemployment and low wages in Whitechapel led to increased desperation and theft
• The London police force underwent significant development in the late 19th century to address the challenges in Whitechapel.

  True
• The Metropolitan Police Force was established in 1829
• What is a major limitation of eyewitness testimony?

  Inconsistent, biased memory
• Why was forensic science limited in Whitechapel during the late 19th century?

  Lack of scientific rigor
• Toxicology helped determine the cause of death by identifying poisons
• The large influx of immigrants from Eastern Europe into Whitechapel caused social tensions.

  True
• Order the changes in the structure of the police force in London during the late 19th century.

  1️⃣ Decentralized structure with individual parishes responsible for policing

  2️⃣ Reliance on part-time "watchmen"

  3️⃣ Establishment of the centralized Metropolitan Police Force in 1829
• The lack of advanced technology severely limited the effectiveness of investigative methods
• Record-keeping during the late 19th century was well-organized and easy to cross-reference.

  False
• What advantage did photography offer over written descriptions in documenting crime scenes?

  More accurate visual records
• New forensic techniques replaced older methods by providing more objective and scientific evidence.

  True
• The challenging conditions in Whitechapel led to high crime rates and difficulties for the police force.


  True
• The infamous "Jack the Ripper" murders occurred in Whitechapel in the year 1888
• What was the impact of the police force changes on Whitechapel?

  Better response to crime
• The limitations of investigative methods in Whitechapel stemmed from the lack of advanced technology
• Steps in the manual documentation of crime details during the late 19th century

  1️⃣ Incomplete documentation

  2️⃣ Disorganized records

  3️⃣ Difficulty in cross-referencing
• What advantage did photography offer over written descriptions in crime documentation?

  More accurate visual records
• Photography eliminated the need for written descriptions in crime scene documentation.


  True
• What were the main characteristics of Whitechapel during c1870–c1900?

  Poverty, overcrowding, immigration
• Prostitution in Whitechapel often involved vulnerable women and children
• What was a major limitation of eyewitness testimony in investigative methods?

  Inconsistency and bias
• Eyewitness testimony was unreliable due to being inconsistent, biased, and prone to memory errors
• Fingerprinting provided more reliable identification than eyewitness accounts
• What could toxicology identify in a victim's body?

  Poisons, drugs, chemicals
• What social issue resulted from overcrowding in Whitechapel?

  Poor sanitation and disease
• What major crimes were committed in Whitechapel during c1870-c1900?

  Theft, prostitution, murder, assault
• Match the aspect of the police force before and after changes:

  Structure before ↔️ Decentralized

  Structure after ↔️ Centralized Metropolitan Police

  Investigative Techniques before ↔️ Primitive, eyewitness-focused

  Investigative Techniques after ↔️ Improved forensic analysis
• The police force in London relied on part-time "watchmen" before the establishment of the Metropolitan Police Force.


  True
• Physical evidence collection in Whitechapel included modern forensic analysis techniques.

  False
• Fingerprinting provided more reliable identification than eyewitness accounts
• How did fingerprinting improve suspect identification compared to older methods?

  More reliable and scientific
• Match the investigative technique with its advantage:

  Fingerprinting ↔️ Reliable suspect identification

  Photography ↔️ Accurate visual documentation

  Toxicology ↔️ Uncovers hidden evidence