8.2.1 Gas Exchange

• What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

  Gas exchange
• What type of rings support the trachea?

  Cartilage rings
• What happens to air pressure inside the lungs during exhalation?

  Increases
• Which muscles contract during inhalation to expand the chest cavity?

  Diaphragm and intercostal muscles
• Oxygen is mainly transported by hemoglobin in red blood cells.


  True
• What effect does increased carbon dioxide levels have on breathing rate?

  Increases breathing rate
• What does the respiratory control center in the brain regulate?

  Breathing
• How does decreased blood pH affect the respiratory control center?

  Increases breathing
• The nasal passages filter, warm, and moisten incoming air.


  True
• Match the respiratory component with its function:

  Trachea ↔️ Transports air to the bronchi

  Bronchioles ↔️ Carry air to the alveoli

  Alveoli ↔️ Primary sites for gas exchange
• What happens to air pressure inside the lungs during exhalation?

  Increases
• Where does gas exchange in the lungs primarily occur?

  Alveoli
• Match the method of gas transport in the blood with its carrier:

  Hemoglobin binding ↔️ Red blood cells

  Plasma solution ↔️ Plasma
• Match the respiratory component with its function:

  Nasal Passages ↔️ Filters, warms, and moistens incoming air

  Trachea ↔️ Transports air to the bronchi

  Alveoli ↔️ Primary sites for gas exchange

  Bronchioles ↔️ Carry air to the alveoli
• During inhalation, the chest cavity expands due to diaphragm contraction.


  True
• The alveoli have thin walls to facilitate gas exchange.


  True
• Where does gas exchange primarily occur in the lungs?

  Alveoli
• The respiratory control center in the brain regulates breathing by monitoring factors in the blood
• What does decreased blood pH indicate?

  More acidic blood
• Decreased oxygen levels stimulate the respiratory control center to increase breathing rate and depth.


  True
• What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

  Gas exchange
• Where does gas exchange primarily occur in the respiratory system?

  Alveoli
• During inhalation, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract
• During inhalation, air pressure inside the lungs decreases
• In the alveoli, the partial pressure of oxygen is higher
• Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood as carbaminohemoglobin or bicarbonate ions.


  True
• Higher altitude reduces the partial pressure of oxygen, making it more challenging to breathe.


  True
• COPD is often caused by smoking or long-term exposure to pollutants
• The nasal passages are lined with mucus and cilia to filter, warm, and moisten incoming air
• The mechanism of breathing involves two main processes: inhalation and exhalation
• Order the components of the respiratory system from the nasal passages to the alveoli:

  1️⃣ Nasal Passages

  2️⃣ Trachea

  3️⃣ Bronchi

  4️⃣ Bronchioles

  5️⃣ Alveoli
• During exhalation, air pressure inside the lungs increases, causing air to be pushed out
• Match the gas transport method with its carrier and function:

  Hemoglobin binding ↔️ Red blood cells | Transfers oxygen to tissues

  Plasma solution ↔️ Plasma | Solubilizes and transports CO₂
• Decreased oxygen levels in the blood stimulate the respiratory control center.


  True
• Increased levels of carbon dioxide stimulate the respiratory control center to increase breathing rate and depth
• These feedback mechanisms maintain proper gas exchange and blood pH
• The trachea transports air to the bronchi
• Steps involved in the mechanism of breathing

  1️⃣ Diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract

  2️⃣ Chest cavity expands

  3️⃣ Air pressure inside the lungs decreases

  4️⃣ Air is drawn into the lungs

  5️⃣ Diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax

  6️⃣ Chest cavity contracts

  7️⃣ Air is pushed out of the lungs
• Exhalation involves the relaxation of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles.


  True
• Partial pressure of gases is a key factor in determining the direction of gas exchange.

  True