2.1 Statistical Sampling

• What are some methods used in statistical sampling?

  Simple random, stratified, cluster
• The purpose of statistical sampling is to make inferences about a population based on a smaller subset.

  True
• Statistical sampling is used to save time and resources while studying a population.

  True
• The purpose of statistical sampling is to infer population characteristics from a sample.


  True
• Stratified sampling ensures representation of all strata in the population.


  True
• Quota sampling guarantees randomness in sample selection.

  False
• Sampling bias occurs when a sample is not representative of the population.


  True
• The choice of sampling method depends on factors like population size and the goals of the analysis
• Why is unbiased sampling important?

  Ensures equal chance of selection
• Which methods are used in statistical sampling?

  Simple random, stratified, cluster
• Describe simple random sampling.

  Each member has equal chance
• What is the main goal of quota sampling?

  Guarantee subgroup representation
• What is the principle of representative sampling?

  Sample reflects population
• Cluster sampling is efficient when the population is widely dispersed
• What is random selection and why is it important in representative sampling?

  Equal chance, unbiased sample
• Greater population variability requires a smaller sample size for the same level of precision.

  False
• What is the approximate sample size needed to estimate a proportion with 95% confidence and a 3% margin of error, assuming p=0.5?

  1067
• What is the purpose of statistical sampling?

  Infer population characteristics
• What is the primary benefit of statistical sampling?

  Saves time and resources
• What is the primary goal of stratified sampling?

  Ensure subgroup representation
• Which sampling method is non-random but aims to match population characteristics?

  Quota sampling
• Surveys with respondents who differ significantly from non-respondents suffer from non-response bias.
• Representative sampling ensures the sample mirrors the overall population
• What is a cost-effective sampling method for geographically dispersed populations?

  Cluster sampling
• Greater population variability necessitates a larger sample size.

  True
• Steps to implement simple random sampling

  1️⃣ Number all members of the population

  2️⃣ Use a random number generator

  3️⃣ Select individuals based on random numbers
• Quota sampling ensures random selection of participants.

  False
• Statistical sampling is the process of selecting a subset of a larger population
• Steps to predict the outcome of a national election using statistical sampling

  1️⃣ Define the population (eligible voters)

  2️⃣ Select a representative sample (e.g., 500 voters)

  3️⃣ Survey the selected voters

  4️⃣ Analyze the survey results

  5️⃣ Extrapolate the findings to the entire population
• Statistical sampling involves selecting a subset of a larger population
• What is the primary advantage of simple random sampling?

  Minimizes bias
• What is a potential disadvantage of systematic sampling?

  Introduces bias if patterned
• What factors influence the choice of sampling method?

  Population size and goals
• Quota sampling is a random sampling method.

  False
• Match the type of bias with its description:

  Selection Bias ↔️ Participants not randomly selected

  Non-response Bias ↔️ Some refuse to participate

  Survivorship Bias ↔️ Only those who succeed are studied
• The purpose of statistical sampling is to study every member of the population.

  False
• Statistical sampling saves time and resources.


  True
• Systematic sampling may introduce bias if there is a pattern in the population list.


  True
• Why is unbiased sampling crucial for research?

  Ensures valid, generalizable data
• How does stratification contribute to representative sampling?

  Ensures proportional subgroups