6.1 Key Concepts in Sleep and Dreaming

    Cards (57)

    • Sleep allows the body and brain to rest, restore, and rejuvenate
      True
    • REM sleep is associated with muscle paralysis and dreaming

      True
    • Adenosine is a neurotransmitter that accumulates in the brain during waking hours
    • Match the sleep regulation mechanism with its role:
      Circadian rhythm ↔️ Sets sleep-wake schedule
      Homeostatic sleep drive ↔️ Determines sleepiness
    • As adenosine levels rise, the homeostatic sleep drive creates a stronger urge for sleep
    • Which neurotransmitter promotes wakefulness and plays a role in the sleep-wake cycle?
      Orexin
    • What is the primary function of maintaining a healthy balance between NREM and REM sleep?
      Overall well-being
    • The Activation-Synthesis Theory suggests dreams have no inherent meaning.

      True
    • What are the two key mechanisms involved in regulating sleep?
      Circadian rhythm and homeostatic sleep drive
    • Which hormone, influenced by the circadian rhythm, promotes sleepiness in the evening?
      Melatonin
    • The suprachiasmatic nucleus responds to light and dark cues to maintain a 24-hour cycle.

      True
    • Adenosine levels decrease during waking hours.
      False
    • The homeostatic sleep drive determines when we feel sleepy
    • NREM sleep is characterized by slower brain waves
    • REM sleep is characterized by increased brain activity
    • In Freud's theory, the manifest content of a dream refers to its literal events.
    • The information processing theory suggests dreams help organize and consolidate memories
    • What is one of the physical restoration functions of sleep?
      Repairs and regenerates tissues
    • According to Freud's theory, what is one function of dreaming?
      Resolves unconscious conflicts
    • What are the two main stages of sleep?
      NREM and REM
    • Steps involved in the biological regulation of sleep
      1️⃣ Circadian rhythm responds to light/dark cues
      2️⃣ SCN releases melatonin
      3️⃣ Adenosine builds up during waking hours
      4️⃣ Homeostatic sleep drive increases
    • The homeostatic sleep drive balances the circadian rhythm by increasing sleepiness as adenosine levels rise

      True
    • The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is influenced by light and dark cues to regulate the circadian rhythm

      True
    • Which biological process ensures healthy, restorative sleep?
      Interplay of mechanisms
    • Sleep is divided into two main stages: Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep and Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep
    • REM sleep is associated with dreaming, memory consolidation, and cognitive processing
    • What is the primary purpose of sleep for the body and brain?
      Restoration and rejuvenation
    • The circadian rhythm is influenced by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and the release of melatonin
    • What are the two key biological mechanisms that regulate sleep?
      Circadian rhythm, homeostatic sleep drive
    • Which hormone is influenced by the SCN to promote sleepiness?
      Melatonin
    • What is the role of the circadian rhythm in sleep regulation?
      Sets sleep-wake schedule
    • The circadian rhythm and homeostatic sleep drive work independently of each other.
      False
    • Which type of sleep lacks rapid eye movements?
      NREM
    • Match the sleep stage with its characteristics:
      NREM ↔️ Slower brain waves
      REM ↔️ Rapid eye movements
    • The activation-synthesis theory suggests dreams have inherent meaning.
      False
    • Order the key theories of dreaming from most to least psychological:
      1️⃣ Freud's Psychodynamic Theory
      2️⃣ Information Processing Theory
      3️⃣ Activation-Synthesis Theory
    • Sleep supports the immune system by boosting its ability to fight off infections
    • The information processing theory suggests dreams help organize and consolidate information
    • Sleep is a natural, recurring state of altered consciousness
    • NREM sleep is considered the restorative stage of sleep