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OCR GCSE Psychology
Unit 6: Sleep and Dreaming
6.1 Key Concepts in Sleep and Dreaming
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Sleep allows the body and brain to rest, restore, and rejuvenate
True
REM sleep is associated with muscle
paralysis
and dreaming
True
Adenosine is a neurotransmitter that accumulates in the brain during
waking
hours
Match the sleep regulation mechanism with its role:
Circadian rhythm ↔️ Sets sleep-wake schedule
Homeostatic sleep drive ↔️ Determines sleepiness
As adenosine levels rise, the homeostatic sleep drive creates a stronger urge for
sleep
Which neurotransmitter promotes wakefulness and plays a role in the sleep-wake cycle?
Orexin
What is the primary function of maintaining a healthy balance between NREM and REM sleep?
Overall well-being
The Activation-Synthesis Theory suggests dreams have no
inherent
meaning.
True
What are the two key mechanisms involved in regulating sleep?
Circadian rhythm and homeostatic sleep drive
Which hormone, influenced by the circadian rhythm, promotes sleepiness in the evening?
Melatonin
The suprachiasmatic nucleus responds to light and dark cues to maintain a
24-hour
cycle.
True
Adenosine levels decrease during waking hours.
False
The homeostatic sleep drive determines when we feel
sleepy
NREM sleep is characterized by slower brain
waves
REM sleep is characterized by increased brain
activity
In Freud's theory, the manifest content of a dream refers to its
literal
events.
The information processing theory suggests dreams help organize and consolidate
memories
What is one of the physical restoration functions of sleep?
Repairs and regenerates tissues
According to Freud's theory, what is one function of dreaming?
Resolves unconscious conflicts
What are the two main stages of sleep?
NREM and REM
Steps involved in the biological regulation of sleep
1️⃣ Circadian rhythm responds to light/dark cues
2️⃣ SCN releases melatonin
3️⃣ Adenosine builds up during waking hours
4️⃣ Homeostatic sleep drive increases
The homeostatic sleep drive balances the circadian rhythm by increasing sleepiness as
adenosine
levels rise
True
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is influenced by light and dark cues to regulate the
circadian
rhythm
True
Which biological process ensures healthy, restorative sleep?
Interplay of mechanisms
Sleep is divided into two main stages: Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep and Rapid Eye Movement (REM)
sleep
REM sleep is associated with dreaming, memory consolidation, and cognitive
processing
What is the primary purpose of sleep for the body and brain?
Restoration and rejuvenation
The circadian rhythm is influenced by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and the release of
melatonin
What are the two key biological mechanisms that regulate sleep?
Circadian rhythm, homeostatic sleep drive
Which hormone is influenced by the SCN to promote sleepiness?
Melatonin
What is the role of the circadian rhythm in sleep regulation?
Sets sleep-wake schedule
The circadian rhythm and homeostatic sleep drive work independently of each other.
False
Which type of sleep lacks rapid eye movements?
NREM
Match the sleep stage with its characteristics:
NREM ↔️ Slower brain waves
REM ↔️ Rapid eye movements
The activation-synthesis theory suggests dreams have inherent meaning.
False
Order the key theories of dreaming from most to least psychological:
1️⃣ Freud's Psychodynamic Theory
2️⃣ Information Processing Theory
3️⃣ Activation-Synthesis Theory
Sleep supports the immune system by boosting its ability to fight off
infections
The information processing theory suggests dreams help organize and consolidate
information
Sleep
is a natural, recurring state of altered
consciousness
NREM sleep is considered the
restorative
stage of sleep
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