1.4.5 Correlation

• What is correlation in research terms?

  The relationship between variables
• What is the name of the correlation coefficient used to measure the strength and direction of a linear relationship?

  Pearson's r
• A positive correlation means that as one variable increases, the other variable also increases.


  True
• Match the correlation strength with its description:

  Weak ↔️ Minimal relationship

  Moderate ↔️ Noticeable relationship

  Strong ↔️ Close, consistent relationship
• Negative correlations indicate that as one variable increases, the other variable decreases.


  True
• A positive correlation means that as one variable increases, the other variable decreases.

  False
• Match the correlation type with its definition:

  Positive ↔️ As one variable increases, the other also increases

  Negative ↔️ As one variable increases, the other decreases
• A weak correlation indicates that variables have a minimal relationship
• A Pearson's r value of +1 indicates a perfect positive correlation
• What is the key difference between correlation and causation?

  Correlation shows a relationship, causation proves influence
• Match the correlation type with a real-life example:

  Positive Correlation ↔️ Hours spent studying and exam scores

  Negative Correlation ↔️ TV watched and reading ability

  No Correlation ↔️ Hair color and intelligence
• In a positive correlation, as one variable increases, the other variable also increases
• Correlation does not imply causation
• In a negative correlation, as one variable increases, the other variable decreases
• What is an example of a positive correlation?

  Height and weight
• What does a strong correlation indicate about the relationship between two variables?

  Close, consistent relationship
• In a positive correlation, as one variable increases, the other variable also increases
• What is the strength of correlation?

  How closely variables are related
• A strong correlation means variables are closely linked.


  True
• A Pearson's r value of 0 indicates no correlation between variables.


  True
• Confounding variables are extraneous factors that affect both variables
• The strength of a correlation indicates how closely two variables are related.


  True
• Give an example of a real-life negative correlation.

  Time studying and exam scores
• What does it mean if two variables have no correlation?

  No relationship exists
• In a negative correlation, as one variable increases, the other variable decreases
• Order the types of correlation from strongest to weakest:

  1️⃣ Strong

  2️⃣ Moderate

  3️⃣ Weak
• In a negative correlation, as one variable increases, the other variable decreases.


  True
• What is Pearson's r and what does it measure?

  Correlation coefficient, strength and direction
• Match the Pearson's r value with its interpretation:

  +1 ↔️ Perfect positive correlation

  0 ↔️ No correlation

  -1 ↔️ Perfect negative correlation
• Causation requires demonstrating a direct link between variables.

  True