6.2 Heat Transfer and Thermal Equilibrium

• What is an example of radiation in everyday life?

  Feeling warmth from the sun
• Warm air rises and cool air sinks in a room due to convection.

  True
• Conduction involves heat transfer through direct contact
• In conduction, heat transfer occurs through direct contact
• Can radiation transfer heat in a vacuum?

  Yes
• Once thermal equilibrium is reached, there is no further net heat transfer.


  True
• Convection is heat transfer by the movement of a fluid.
• What is the role of electromagnetic waves in radiation?

  Carry thermal energy
• In convection, thermal energy is carried by the movement of a fluid.
• What carries heat from the equator towards the poles in ocean currents?

  Warm ocean water
• What type of waves are involved in radiation heat transfer?

  Electromagnetic waves
• In convection, hotter fluid rises while cooler fluid sinks
• Thermal equilibrium is reached when two objects are at the same temperature
• What is thermal equilibrium achieved in heat transfer?

  Same temperature
• Give an example of heat transfer by conduction.

  Touching a hot stove
• Boiling water is an example of convection.

  True
• What is the medium through which thermal energy is transferred in convection?

  Fluid
• Match the mode of heat transfer with its example:

  Conduction ↔️ Touching a hot stove

  Convection ↔️ Boiling water in a pot

  Radiation ↔️ Feeling warmth from the sun
• In conduction, thermal energy flows from a hotter object to a cooler object until they reach thermal equilibrium.


  True
• Match the example of convection with its process:

  Boiling water ↔️ Hot water rises, cooler water sinks

  Warm air heating a room ↔️ Warm air rises, circulating heat

  Ocean currents ↔️ Warm water moves from the equator to the poles
• Arrange the steps of how heat transfer leads to thermal equilibrium:

  1️⃣ Heat transfer begins

  2️⃣ Hotter object loses thermal energy

  3️⃣ Cooler object gains thermal energy

  4️⃣ Objects reach the same temperature

  5️⃣ Thermal equilibrium is achieved
• Conduction is heat transfer through direct contact.

  True
• Match the mode of heat transfer with its definition:

  Conduction ↔️ Heat transfer through direct contact

  Convection ↔️ Heat transfer by fluid movement

  Radiation ↔️ Heat transfer through electromagnetic waves
• Arrange the steps in the process of heat transfer by conduction:

  1️⃣ Hotter object contacts cooler object

  2️⃣ Thermal energy flows from hotter to cooler

  3️⃣ Objects reach thermal equilibrium
• In boiling water, the hot water at the bottom rises, while the cooler water at the top sinks
• Convection involves heat transfer by the movement of a fluid
• What happens to thermal energy when a hotter object touches a cooler object in conduction?

  Flows from hot to cold
• Radiation does not require a medium to transfer heat.


  True