1.3.2 Databases

• Databases are structured systems designed for organizing and storing data in a logical manner
• A university might use a relational database to manage student records.


  True
• NoSQL databases store data in document, graph, or key-value formats
• Relational databases employ SQL for querying
• Relational databases use fixed tables, while NoSQL databases are flexible
• A table for Students might have fields like ID, Name, and Major.


  True
• Proper data typing helps ensure data integrity and efficient storage.

  True
• What type of vulnerability does SQL injection exploit?

  SQL queries
• What is a key difference between relational and NoSQL databases in terms of structure?

  Relational databases use fixed tables
• A row in a database table represents a record
• Each row in a table represents a record.


  True
• Each row in a table represents a record
• The SQL command `CREATE TABLE` defines a new table structure
• What does the SQL command `UPDATE` do?

  Modifies existing records
• The 2014 Yahoo breach compromised user data due to weak encryption and access control
• What is BCNF (Boyce-Codd Normal Form)?

  Stricter version of 3NF
• Relational databases use tables to store data and employ SQL for querying.

  True
• What are the two primary database models?

  Relational and NoSQL
• NoSQL databases are often schema-less and store data in document, graph, or key-value pairs.

  True
• Each row in a database table represents a record
• What type of data is stored by the Boolean data type?

  True/False
• One best practice for authentication is to enforce strong password policies.
• Relational databases employ SQL for querying data.
• What does each column in a database table represent?

  A field
• What does each column in a table represent?

  A field
• Each column in a table represents a field
• Match the data type with its example:

  Text/String ↔️ `VARCHAR(50)` for student names

  Number ↔️ `INT` for student IDs

  Date/Time ↔️ `DATE` for birthdays

  Boolean ↔️ `BOOLEAN` for enrollment status

  Binary ↔️ `BLOB` for storing photos
• What does the SQL command `SELECT` do?

  Retrieves data
• Order the following database security aspects from most basic to most advanced:

  1️⃣ Authentication

  2️⃣ Authorization

  3️⃣ Encryption

  4️⃣ Access Control

  5️⃣ SQL Injection Prevention

  6️⃣ DDoS Attack Mitigation
• What does 1NF (First Normal Form) eliminate?

  Repeating groups
• What does 3NF (Third Normal Form) eliminate?

  Transitive dependencies
• What is one benefit of using databases in healthcare?

  Improved healthcare coordination
• Match the database component with its definition:

  Tables ↔️ Structured data storage

  Fields ↔️ Single pieces of data

  Records ↔️ Collection of fields
• Which database model scales more easily for large data?

  NoSQL
• The Text/String data type is used to store alphanumeric characters.
• Match the SQL command with its description:

  CREATE TABLE ↔️ Defines a new table structure

  INSERT ↔️ Adds new records to a table

  SELECT ↔️ Retrieves data from a table

  UPDATE ↔️ Modifies existing records
• Databases are designed for organizing and storing data in a structured manner.


  True
• NoSQL databases scale more easily for large data compared to relational databases.


  True
• Arrange the database components in a hierarchical order:

  1️⃣ Table

  2️⃣ Field

  3️⃣ Record
• In a table for students, what are example fields?

  ID, Name, and Major